Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

The main components of the skin are the:

A)dermis and hypodermis.
B)epidermis,dermis,hypodermis,and the subcutaneous layer.
C)epidermis and dermis.
D)epidermis,dermis,and hypodermis.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The region of skin that provides a tough barrier against pathogens and trauma is the:

A)subcutaneous layer.
B)dermis.
C)hypodermis.
D)epidermis.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What tissue composes the epidermis of the skin?

A)transitional epithelium
B)nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium
C)keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
D)nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following cells are arranged in layers,or strata,in the epidermis?

A)melanocyte
B)Merkel cell
C)keratinocyte
D)dendritic (Langerhans)cell

Question 5

Tommy fell and skinned his knee.The scrape did not bleed.He must have only damaged the:

A)subcutaneous layer.
B)epidermis.
C)hypodermis.
D)dermis.

Question 6

Why is vitamin D necessary?

A)Vitamin D critical for thermoregulation.
B)Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption from the small intestine.
C)Vitamin D protects the skin from UV radiation.
D)Vitamin D protects the skin from pathogens.

Question 7

Which of the following occurs if body temperature rises above normal?

A)Evaporative cooling decreases.
B)Sweat gland activity decreases.
C)The activity of melanocytes increases.
D)Blood flow to the dermis increases.

Question 8

How do nutrients reach the epidermis of the skin?

A)Nutrients migrate in vesicles from the hypodermis into the epidermis.
B)Diffusion transports nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis into the epidermis.
C)Blood vessels carry nutrients directly into the epidermis.
D)Solute pumping transports nutrients into the epidermis.

Question 9

Trauma to stratum basale would NOT interfere with the skin's ability to:

A)shed dead cells.
B)grow.
C)produce melanin.
D)produce vitamin D.

Question 10

The epidermis is:

A)keratinized mucous membrane.
B)keratinized cutaneous membrane.
C)nonkeratinized cutaneous membrane.
D)nonkeratinized mucous membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following is an appropriate skin response to cold?

A)Dermal blood vessels vasodilate.
B)Sebaceous gland secretions increase.
C)Dermal blood vessels vasoconstrict.
D)Vitamin D production increases.

Question 12

From deep to superficial,what is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis?

A)stratum basale,stratum spinosum,stratum granulosum,stratum lucidum,stratum corneum
B)stratum basale,stratum granulosum,stratum spinosum,stratum lucidum,stratum corneum
C)stratum lucidum,stratum corneum,stratum spinosum,stratum basale,stratum granulosum
D)stratum corneum,stratum spinosum,stratum lucidum,stratum granulosum,stratum basale

Question 13

A splinter penetrated into the skin on the palmar surface of the hand.The splinter nearly reached stratum basale of the epidermis.What is the final layer injured by this splinter?

A)stratum corneum of the epidermis
B)stratum spinosum of the epidermis
C)stratum granulosum of the epidermis
D)stratum lucidum of the epidermis

Question 14

What type of intercellular junction bands together adjacent cells,making the epidermis stronger?

A)occluding junction
B)tight junction
C)gap junction
D)desmosome

Question 15

Under what conditions would the skin produce sweat and experience cutaneous vasodilation?

A)upon exposure to UV radiation
B)upon decrease in body temperature
C)due to lack of oxygen
D)upon increase in body temperature

Question 16

Subcutaneous injections involve administration of medicine into the:

A)reticular layer of the dermis.
B)papillary layer of the dermis.
C)hypodermis.
D)epidermis.

Question 17

Skin without keratin would be more likely to:

A)tear upon being mechanically stressed.
B)burn upon exposure to the sun.
C)be unable to thermoregulate.
D)lose the sensation of touch.

Question 18

All cells in the epidermis arise from mitotic activity in stratum:

A)granulosum.
B)corneum.
C)lucidum.
D)basale.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

A)protection
B)sensation
C)thermoregulation
D)vitamin A synthesis

Question 20

Which sensation is NOT detected by the skin?

A)temperature
B)light touch
C)texture
D)equilibrium

Question 21

Which of the following is a yellow-orange skin pigment?

A)hemoglobin
B)cyanide
C)carotene
D)melanin

Question 22

Exercise often makes the skin flush red,a condition known as:

A)jaundice.
B)pallor.
C)cyanosis.
D)erythema.

Question 23

The most superficial layer of the dermis is the:

A)hypodermis.
B)stratum basale.
C)papillary layer.
D)reticular layer.

Question 24

Jill is blind and often uses braille (a system of raised dots)to read her school assignments.What cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis helps her discriminate between the textured dots?

A)keratinocyte
B)melanocyte
C)dendritic (Langerhans)cell
D)Merkel cell

Question 25

Thin skin contains:

A)the same layers of keratinocytes as thick skin.
B)one less layer of keratinocytes than thick skin.
C)two more layers of keratinocytes than thick skin.
D)one more layer of keratinocytes than thick skin.

Question 26

Thick skin lacks:

A)sweat glands.
B)hair follicles.
C)stratum lucidum.
D)stratum granulosum.

Question 27

How do melanocytes and keratinocytes work together to protect the skin from UV damage?

A)Keratinocytes accumulate melanin granules to shield the keratinocyte's DNA.
B)Keratinocytes maintain the proper pH for melanocytes to synthesize melanin granules.
C)Keratinocytes maintain the appropriate temperature so the melanin will not denature.
D)Keratinocytes provide the melanocyte with nutrients critical for melanin synthesis.

Question 28

Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by prominent cytoplasmic granules in the cells?

A)stratum lucidum
B)stratum granulosum
C)stratum corneum
D)stratum spinosum

Question 29

A callus may develop when both thin and thick skin are subjected to repeated pressure.Which layer of the epidermis develops the callus?

A)stratum basale
B)stratum spinosum
C)stratum corneum
D)stratum lucidum

Question 30

We have unique patterns on our fingers,toes,palms,and soles created by:

A)Merkel cells.
B)epidermal ridges.
C)cleavage lines.
D)dendritic (Langerhans)cells.

Question 31

What role do the dermal papillae play in the dermis?

A)Dermal papillae house blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the avascular epidermis.
B)Dermal papillae house lamellated (Pacinian)corpuscles that detect deep pressure and vibrations applied to the skin.
C)Dermal papillae house many collagen fibers to strengthen the dermis.
D)Dermal papillae house melanocytes that produce the skin pigment melanin.

Question 32

Thomas is deaf,but can feel the vibrations of music through sensory receptors in his skin called:

A)tactile (Meissner)corpuscles.
B)Merkel cells.
C)lamellated (Pacinian)corpuscles.
D)dermal papillae.

Question 33

Which of the following cells is associated with the dermis?

A)fibroblast
B)dendritic (Langerhans)cell
C)keratinocyte
D)melanocyte

Question 34

Despite the strength of the dermis,it is subject to tearing.How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?

A)Flexure lines appear where the skin has been stressed.
B)The skin will darken due to increased melanin accumulation.
C)Tension,or cleavage,lines disappear.
D)Generally permanent stretch marks,or striae,appear.

Question 35

Where is thick skin located?

A)buttocks
B)face
C)palms
D)elbow

Question 36

Melanin is produced upon exposure to:

A)cold.
B)UV radiation.
C)wind.
D)heat.

Question 37

How long will it take for a suntan to fade?

A)40 to 50 days
B)5 to 10 days
C)20 to 40 days
D)10 to 20 days

Question 38

What tissue composes the reticular layer of the dermis?

A)hyaline cartilage.
B)dense regular connective tissue
C)loose connective tissue
D)dense irregular connective tissue

Question 39

Thin skin lacks stratum:

A)spinosum.
B)lucidum.
C)granulosum.
D)corneum.

Question 40

Exposure to UV radiation causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of:

A)keratin.
B)hemoglobin.
C)collagen.
D)melanin.

Question 41

What symptom distinguishes a second-degree from a third-degree burn?

A)presence of significant pain initially with the third-degree burn
B)presence of erythema associated with the third-degree burn
C)lack of initial pain associated with the third-degree burn
D)presence of blisters associated with the third-degree burn

Question 42

Eccrine glands produce:

A)hormones.
B)sweat containing mostly water.
C)sebum.
D)cerumen.

Question 43

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a:

A)first-degree burn.
B)second-degree burn.
C)third-degree burn.
D)partial-thickness burn.

Question 44

For a male post-puberty,the majority of vellus hairs have transitioned to:

A)terminal hairs.
B)lanugo.
C)arrector pili muscles.
D)white hairs.

Question 45

The ABCDE rule is used to distinguish normal moles from:

A)basal cell carcinoma.
B)squamous cell carcinoma.
C)freckles.
D)melanoma.

Question 46

Frequent handwashing removes the antimicrobial secretions of:

A)ceruminous glands.
B)holocrine glands.
C)sweat glands.
D)sebaceous glands.

Question 47

Nail growth occurs at the nail:

A)bed.
B)matrix.
C)body.
D)cuticle.

Question 48

A patient arrives in your clinic with a sunburn that affects the epidermis only.Her skin appears red and is mildly painful.You believe she has a:

A)first-degree burn.
B)second-degree burn.
C)third-degree burn.
D)fourth-degree burn.

Question 49

Why are eyelashes shorter than terminal hairs on the scalp?

A)The growth stage of an eyelash is shorter.
B)The vascular supply of the eyebrow follicle is much less than that of the hair follicle on the scalp.
C)Eyelashes grow slower than terminal hairs.
D)Hormones in the eyebrow follicle turn off growth after it has reached a predetermined length.

Question 50

What do vellus hairs lack?

A)cortex
B)pigment
C)keratin
D)cuticle

Question 51

The nail body covers the:

A)cuticle.
B)lunula.
C)nail bed.
D)nail root.

Question 52

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from:

A)keratinocytes in stratum basale.
B)keratinocytes in stratum spinosum.
C)melanocytes.
D)keratinocytes in stratum corneum.

Question 53

What does cyanosis signify?

A)A person has been exposed to cyanide.
B)A person has been exposed to too much sun.
C)A person has oxygen-starved skin.
D)A person has been kept out of the sun.

Question 54

Humans often purchase antiperspirants and deodorants to suppress and mask the odors of secretions from the:

A)eccrine glands.
B)sebaceous glands.
C)apocrine glands.
D)mammary glands.

Question 55

What part of the hair is removed during shaving?

A)hair follicle
B)hair shaft
C)hair medulla
D)hair matrix

Question 56

The cuticle around a nail is the:

A)lunula.
B)hyponychium.
C)perionychium.
D)eponychium.

Question 57

The rule of nines is used to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by:

A)burns.
B)melanin.
C)basal cell carcinoma.
D)malignant melanoma.

Question 58

What do dead keratinized cells form?

A)hair shaft
B)hair root
C)hair bulb
D)arrector pili muscle

Question 59

What structure stands hairs on end,causing piloerection?

A)epithelial root sheath
B)dermal papillae
C)arrector pili muscle
D)epidermal ridges

Question 60

What stimulates the secretion of sebum?

A)sex hormones
B)UV radiation
C)low temperatures
D)high temperatures

Question 61

The rule of nines is used to distinguish the various types of skin cancers from one another.

Question 62

Explain why the skin appears tanned,or darker,after spending time in the sun.

Question 63

Vesicles known as melanosomes are taken into the cytosol of keratinocytes by endocytosis.The melanosome is transported to the superficial side of the keratinocyte to shield its nucleus.

Question 64

Hairs grow from cells in the matrix of the root that are still undergoing keratinization.

Question 65

Identify and describe the fibrous protein made by keratinocytes.

Question 66

Four- year- old Susie loves carrots.Her skin has turned orange from a pigment found in carrots called beta carotene.Briefly explain how long it will take for Susie's skin to return to its normal color.

Question 67

The skin has three components: the epidermis,dermis,and hypodermis.

Question 68

The papillary layer of the dermis consists of loose connective tissue that is built for warmth and insulation.

Question 69

Christina's fair skin flushes red when she exercises.What is the name of this condition and why does her skin appear red?

Question 70

Assess the following statement for accuracy.Dark brown skin contains more melanocytes than pale skin.

Question 71

Extreme stretching of the reticular layer of the dermis results in tension,or cleavage,lines.

Question 72

What vitamin is synthesized by the skin? Explain why this vitamin is critical for various physiological processes.

Question 73

Keratinocytes undergo mitosis in all layers,or strata,of the epidermis to maintain the thickness of the epidermis.

Question 74

Carotene and hemoglobin are two pigments that contribute to skin color in minor ways.

Question 75

Describe the role of skin in thermoregulation.

Question 76

All types of sweat glands release their products by exocytosis,a type of secretion known as merocrine secretion.

Question 77

Why should a surgeon cut along the tension (cleavage)lines when performing surgery?

Question 78

How do vellus hairs differ from terminal hairs?

Question 79

The skin eliminates small amounts of waste products in sweat,a process known as excretion.

Question 80

Stratum lucidum is found in all types of skin covering the entire body.