Deck 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?

A) Keratinocytes
B) Melanocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Merkel cells
E) Fibroblasts

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Keratinocytes

A) produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes.
B) are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin.
C) are special cells of the immune system.
D) are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin.
E) determine thickness of the skin.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule. Which of the following is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous?

A) Color
B) Border
C) Asymmetry
D) Freckles
E) Diameter

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into friction ridges

A) are associated with thin skin.
B) improve the grip of the hands.
C) decrease friction on surfaces where they are located.
D) are caused by the pattern of the reticular layer of the dermis.
E) tend to make the surface smooth.

Question 5

The epidermis

A) is thicker than the dermis.
B) contains no blood vessels.
C) is composed of loose connective tissue.
D) is made up mostly of melanocytes.
E) is composed of the reticular and papillary layers.

Question 6

The stratum basale

A) is easily shed when you rub your hands together.
B) has a mixture of living and dead cells-mostly dead.
C) contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis.
D) contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
E) contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.

Question 7

A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as ________.

A) psoriasis
B) cyanosis
C) jaundice
D) impetigo
E) acne

Question 8

The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the ________.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum lucidum
D) stratum corneum
E) stratum dermum

Question 9

As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called ________.

A) pollination
B) keratinization
C) melaninization
D) germination
E) desquamation

Question 10

The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is

A) destruction of cancer cells.
B) production of Vitamin E.
C) detection of heat and touch.
D) regulation of acid-base balance.
E) prevention of albinism.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?

A) The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.
B) The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.
C) The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.
D) The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
E) The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.

Question 12

In which layer of the epidermis are lamellar bodies formed inside keratinocytes?

A) Stratum basale
B) Stratum spinosum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum lucidum
E) Stratum corneum

Question 13

This condition is characterized by a thicker-than-normal stratus corneum producing large silvery scales.

A) Psoriasis
B) Decubitus ulcer
C) Bullae
D) Vitiligo
E) Eczema

Question 14

Which type of skin cancer is the most common?

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Melanoma
D) Kaposi sarcoma
E) Psoriasis

Question 15

Friction ridges of the hands and feet are produced by projections into the epidermis called ________.

A) dermal striae
B) cleavage lines
C) reticular lines
D) melanocytes
E) dermal papillae

Question 16

The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the ________.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum spinosum
D) stratum granulosum
E) stratum lucidum

Question 17

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

A) Lipid production
B) Vitamin C production
C) Regulation of body pH
D) Protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun
E) Vitamin A production

Question 18

Keratinization

A) occurs in the dermis.
B) results in the formation of new epidermal cells.
C) produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.
D) determines skin color.
E) does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis.

Question 19

Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly?

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Melanoma
D) Kaposi sarcoma
E) Psoriasis

Question 20

The superficial layer of epithelium of the skin is called the ________.

A) dermis
B) epidermis
C) hypodermis
D) mesodermis
E) papillary layer

Question 21

Which layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body?

A) Stratum basale
B) Stratum spinosum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum lucidum
E) Stratum corneum

Question 22

In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed?

A) Stratum basale
B) Stratum spinosum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum lucidum
E) Stratum corneum

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true?

A) During pregnancy, melanin production is increased.
B) Both melanocytes and keratinocytes produce melanin.
C) In Addison disease, less melanin is produced.
D) Men produce more melanin than women.
E) Melanin is a white pigment.

Question 24

Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?

A) Stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum
B) Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
C) Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum
D) Stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum
E) Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 25

The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from

A) a lack of melanin in the area.
B) the light-scattering properties of collagen.
C) the superficial location of skin pigments.
D) an increase in arterial blood circulating in the area.
E) a lack of oxygen in the blood.

Question 26

What will develop when the skin is subjected to excess friction or pressure?

A) Carcinoma
B) Melanoma
C) Papillae
D) Stretch marks
E) Callus

Question 27

The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called ________.

A) hemolysis
B) desquamation
C) cyanosis
D) carotenosis
E) albinism

Question 28

Thick skin

A) has three different epidermal strata.
B) has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin.
C) is found covering most of the body.
D) is found in areas subject to pressure or friction, such as the palms.
E) is determined by the thickness of the dermis.

Question 29

Light-skinned individuals have

A) more melanocytes than individuals with darker skins.
B) fewer melanocytes than individuals with darker skins.
C) approximately the same number of melanocytes as individuals with darker skins.
D) more melanin in their skin.
E) a different kind of melanin in their skin.

Question 30

This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells.

A) Stratum basale
B) Stratum spinosum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum lucidum
E) Stratum corneum

Question 31

The epidermal stratum that is composed of several layers of living cells held together by desmosomes is the ________.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 32

Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff.

A) Stratum basale
B) Stratum spinosum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum lucidum
E) Stratum corneum

Question 33

Skin color is the result of the

A) quantity of melanin in the skin.
B) number of keratinocytes in the skin.
C) amount of adipose in the subcutaneous layer.
D) thickness of the stratum basale.
E) number of melanocytes in the skin.

Question 34

The layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity is the ________.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 35

Melanin

A) is transferred to other cells by osmosis.
B) is increased with exposure to infrared light.
C) is absent in individuals with albinism.
D) is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum.
E) makes the skin lighter.

Question 36

Which durable protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?

A) Melanin
B) Keratin
C) Carotene
D) Elastin
E) Collagen

Question 37

Melanin production can be influenced by

A) genetics.
B) hormones.
C) exposure to sunlight.
D) pregnancy.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

The epidermal layer found only in thick skin is ________.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 39

This layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes.

A) Epidermis
B) Reticular layer
C) Papillary layer
D) Dermis
E) Subcutaneous layer

Question 40

Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following?

A) Stratum spinosum
B) Stratum granulosum
C) Stratum lucidum
D) Stratum corneum
E) Stratum basale

Question 41

Rupturing the dermis may cause ________ to develop.

A) Moles
B) Freckles
C) Calluses
D) Stretch marks
E) Cleavage lines

Question 42

Cedric slipped and cut his finger. The cut bled, but did not penetrate to the subcutaneous layer. The deepest layer penetrated was the ________.

A) stratum spinosum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum basale
D) stratum corneum
E) papillary layer of the dermis

Question 43

If you accidentally cut your arm and see adipose tissue, which layer(s) was/were cut?

A) Stratum corneum
B) Stratum basale
C) Dermis
D) Subcutaneous layer
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 44

The dermis

A) contains no blood vessels.
B) functions as padding and insulation.
C) is divided into three distinct layers.
D) is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
E) does not contain connective tissue.

Question 45

A yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is ________.

A) melanin
B) keratin
C) collagen
D) carotene
E) elastin

Question 46

Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis or ________.

A) psoriasis
B) decubitus ulcer
C) bullae
D) vitiligo
E) eczema

Question 47

The vesicles that contain melanin are ________.

A) melanosomes
B) lamellar bodies
C) keratohyaline
D) carotenoids
E) lysosomes

Question 48

Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the ________.

A) dermis
B) epidermis
C) melanocytes
D) stratum corneum
E) subcutaneous tissue

Question 49

When comparing the dermis with the subcutaneous tissue, the dermis

A) has more adipocytes than the subcutaneous layer.
B) is a more vascular tissue than the subcutaneous layer.
C) is divided into two layers; the subcutaneous layer is not.
D) contains melanocytes; the subcutaneous layer does not.
E) and the subcutaneous layer do not contain collagen.

Question 50

A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the ________.

A) epidermis
B) dermis
C) subcutaneous layer
D) muscle
E) joint

Question 51

A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is ________.

A) psoriasis
B) albinism
C) dermatitis
D) melanoma
E) cyanosis

Question 52

Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?

A) Reticular layer of dermis
B) Stratum corneum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Epidermis
E) Stratum basale

Question 53

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the skin?

A) Melanoma
B) Albinism
C) Dermatitis
D) Cyanosis
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 54

The main fibrous layer of the dermis is the ________.

A) epidermis
B) reticular layer
C) papillary layer
D) subcutaneous layer
E) hypodermis

Question 55

The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is ________.

A) pallor
B) erythema
C) hematoma
D) jaundice
E) cyanosis

Question 56

Melanin is produced only by ________.

A) keratinocytes
B) basal cells
C) Langerhans cells
D) melanocytes
E) Merkel cells

Question 57

A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will

A) become pale.
B) have a reddish hue.
C) develop a yellow tint.
D) become bright red.
E) not change color.

Question 58

The condition involving the development of white patches on the skin caused by the loss of melanocytes is ________.

A) psoriasis
B) decubitus ulcer
C) bullae
D) vitiligo
E) eczema

Question 59

The dermal layer closest to the epidermis is the ________.

A) stratum basale
B) reticular layer
C) papillary layer
D) stratum lucidum
E) subcutaneous tissue

Question 60

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the

A) breakdown of carotene.
B) breakdown of melanin.
C) buildup of bilirubin.
D) activity of the enzyme tyrosinase.
E) activity of the keratinocytes.

Question 61

Which of the following statements concerning hair is true?

A) In males, the hairs of the beard are vellus hairs.
B) Both vellus and terminal hairs are pigmented.
C) The majority of hair on the chest is vellus hair.
D) At puberty, much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair.
E) Hair in the axillary region is vellus hair after puberty.

Question 62

Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of ________.

A) sweat
B) skin folds
C) nails
D) hair
E) skin

Question 63

Which of the following statements concerning the subcutaneous layer is false?

A) The subcutaneous layer can also be referred to as the hypodermis.
B) The subcutaneous layer is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
C) The main cell types of the subcutaneous layer are fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages.
D) The subcutaneous layer attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
E) The subcutaneous layer is a site of lipid storage.

Question 64

Baldness

A) occurs only in men.
B) is related to estrogen levels.
C) is related to levels of growth hormone.
D) is not genetic.
E) is more common in men than in women.

Question 65

Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin?

A) Black
B) Brown
C) Red
D) White
E) Auburn

Question 66

Bob was completely bald on the top of his head by the time he was 35 years of age. Bob noticed he produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which of the following changes account for the observations?
(1) He has fewer functional hair follicles now.
(2) He has fewer functional sebaceous glands now.
(3) He has fewer merocrine sweat glands now.
(4) He has fewer apocrine sweat glands now.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 1, 2, 4
D) 1, 3, 4
E) 1, 2

Question 67

The outer surface of the hair is called the ________.

A) shaft
B) cuticle
C) hair bulb
D) medulla
E) root

Question 68

The central axis of the hair is the ________.

A) shaft
B) cuticle
C) hair bulb
D) medulla
E) root

Question 69

The length of hair is determined by the

A) size of the hair bulb.
B) angle of the hair root.
C) rate of hair growth.
D) length of the resting stage.
E) age of the person.

Question 70

The portion of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin is the ________.

A) shaft
B) cuticle
C) hair bulb
D) medulla
E) root

Question 71

Which of the following statements concerning hair structure is true?

A) Both the hair root and hair shaft contain living cells.
B) Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.
C) The hair follicle has a hypodermal root sheath.
D) The matrix forms the hair surface.
E) The hair follicle is not associated with sebaceous glands.

Question 72

Adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer

A) serves as a storage site for lipids, which can be used for energy.
B) helps to lower body temperature.
C) provides protection against infection.
D) is absent in infants.
E) connects the dermis with the epidermis.

Question 73

An expanded knob at the base of the hair root is the ________.

A) shaft
B) cuticle
C) hair bulb
D) medulla
E) root

Question 74

All of the following statements concerning hair are true except one. Identify the exception.

A) The growth rate of all types of hair is the same.
B) Hair growth occurs in cycles, with growth and resting stages.
C) In pattern baldness, those hair follicles present begin to produce vellus hair.
D) Some loss of hair is normal and indicates old hairs are being pushed out by new hairs.
E) Genetic factors and testosterone cause pattern baldness.

Question 75

At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called ________ hairs.

A) terminal
B) primary
C) lanugo
D) vellus
E) pubic

Question 76

The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the ________.

A) hair bulb
B) hair root
C) hair shaft
D) hair follicle
E) dermal papilla

Question 77

Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called ________ hairs.

A) terminal
B) primary
C) lanugo
D) vellus
E) secondary

Question 78

The portion of the hair below the surface of the skin is the ________.

A) shaft
B) cuticle
C) hair bulb
D) medulla
E) root

Question 79

The ________ is a major site of lipid storage in the body.

A) epidermis
B) reticular layer
C) papillary layer
D) dermis
E) subcutaneous layer

Question 80

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

A) the body is able to lose heat.
B) "goose bumps" form on the skin.
C) the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl.
D) the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin.
E) no change is noted on the skin surface.