Deck 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions

Question 1

The pain a person experiences with acute appendicitis results from stimulating nerve endings called ________.

A) painreceptors
B) internoreceptors
C) visceroreceptors
D) proprioceptors
E) appendoreceptors

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is a visceral sensation?

A) Pain
B) Touch
C) Temperature
D) Proprioception
E) Balance

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A state of conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors is called ________.

A) adaptation
B) projection
C) translation
D) perception
E) inclination

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of these combinations of general senses depends on mechanoreceptors?

A) Touch and temperature
B) Pressure and temperature
C) Pressure and proprioception
D) Proprioception and temperature
E) Taste and smell

Question 5

The conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors is called perception.

Question 6

The simplest and most common type of sensory nerve endings are free nerve endings.

Question 7

Mechanoreceptors respond to

A) compression of receptors.
B) irritation of nerve endings.
C) light striking the receptors.
D) binding of molecules to membrane receptors.
E) a change in temperature.

Question 8

When people smoke cigarettes, they damage some of their taste buds. Which type of sense has been damaged by the smoking?

A) Special
B) Somatic
C) Visceral
D) Autonomic
E) Nonspecialized

Question 9

The sense of taste is an example of a general sense.

Question 10

Which of the following is a general sense?

A) Smell
B) Taste
C) Touch
D) Hearing
E) Vision

Question 11

Which of the following term and description is mismatched?

A) Visceroreceptors - associated with organs
B) Adaptation - decreased sensitivity to continued stimulus
C) Projection - sensation is perceived at the site of the stimulus
D) Proprioceptors - information about body position
E) Cutaneous receptors - associated with the viscera

Question 12

Vision is dependent upon ________.

A) chemoreceptors
B) photoreceptors
C) thermoreceptors
D) mechanoreceptors
E) nociceptors

Question 13

The sensory speech area is Broca area.

Question 14

Changes in the blood concentration of glucose, oxygen, and hydrogen are detected by ________.

A) baroreceptors
B) chemoreceptors
C) nociceptors
D) proprioceptors
E) thermoreceptors

Question 15

If you feel someone touch you on the shoulder, the person has stimulated a/an ________ sense.

A) special
B) somatic
C) visceral
D) undifferentiated
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

The perception of position and movement of body parts is ________.

A) sensation
B) kinesthesia
C) proprioception
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Visceroreceptors are receptors associated with joints, tendons, and other connective tissue.

Question 18

The ability to detect simultaneous stimulation at two points on the skin is called two-point discrimination.

Question 19

Free nerve endings respond to

A) temperature change and pain.
B) pressure and vibration.
C) light touch and two-point discrimination.
D) temperature change and pressure.
E) chemicals.

Question 20

All aspects of a memory are stored together in the brain.

Question 21

Receptors that detect stretch of a tendon and are important for control of muscle contraction are ________.

A) muscle spindles
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) Ruffini end organs
D) Golgi tendon organs
E) Meissner corpuscles

Question 22

Superficial pain is highly localized, but visceral pain is diffuse because

A) the viscera has fewer pain receptors.
B) the skin has more sensitive pain receptors.
C) the viscera has fewer mechanoreceptors which give location information.
D) visceral pain has less emotional involvement.

Question 23

The ________ are distributed throughout the dermal papillae and are involved in ________ touch.

A) Merkel disks; very deep
B) Pacinian corpuscles; very light
C) Muscle spindles; fine proprioceptive
D) Golgi tendon organs; limited awareness
E) Meissner corpuscles; two-point discrimination

Question 24

Rapidly adapting proprioceptors that provide information on the location of a moving hand are known as ________ receptors.

A) phasic
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tonic

Question 25

The ability to localize the position of body parts is called ________.

A) two-point discrimination
B) proprioception
C) fine touch
D) light touch
E) perception

Question 26

Specialized muscle fibers associated with detection of muscle length are ________.

A) muscle spindles
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) Ruffini end organs
D) Golgi tendon organs
E) Merkel disks

Question 27

Decreased sensitivity to a continued stimulus is called ________.

A) adaptation
B) projection
C) translation
D) conduction
E) phantom pain

Question 28

The portion of the dorsal column/medial lemniscal tract that carries proprioceptive sensations from nerve endings in the feet and legs is the ________.

A) nucleus gracilis
B) nucleus cuneatus
C) fasciculus gracilis
D) fasciculus cuneatus
E) fasciculus nucleus

Question 29

Receptors that in general do not produce an action potential, but can release neurotransmitters in response to a receptor potential are ________ receptors.

A) phasic
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tonic

Question 30

Slowly adapting proprioceptors that would let you know the position of your thumb without looking at it are known as ________ receptors.

A) phasic
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tonic

Question 31

Which of the following tract is mismatched with its description?

A) Spinotectal tract - visual reflexes
B) Fasciculus cuneatus - vibration from upper body half
C) Spinoreticular tract - light touch
D) Spinocerebellar tract - proprioception
E) Spinocerebellar tract - comparator function

Question 32

All of the following nerve endings are found in the skin EXCEPT ________.

A) Pacinian corpuscles
B) proprioceptors
C) Ruffini end organs
D) Merkel disks
E) Meissner corpuscles

Question 33

When a person is exposed to temperature extremes, why is it difficult to distinguish hot from cold objects?

A) Temperature perception requires more than one type of receptor.
B) Temperatures above 37 degrees centigrade actually stimulate the cold receptors.
C) At extremes, pain receptors are stimulated by both very hot and very cold objects.
D) Most temperature receptors cannot differentiate hot from cold.
E) Pain receptors are inhibited by both very hot and very cold objects.

Question 34

Which of the following receptor type is mismatched with its sensation?

A) Merkel disks - light touch
B) Pacinian corpuscles - vibration
C) Meissner corpuscles - two-point discrimination
D) Ruffini end organs - temperature
E) Hair follicle receptors - slight bending of the hair

Question 35

Pacinian corpuscles respond to

A) an increase in tendon tension.
B) deep cutaneous pressure and vibration.
C) stretch and tension.
D) temperature and pain.
E) light touch.

Question 36

Which of the following is an ascending pathway in the spinal cord?

A) Lateral spinothalamic tract
B) Rubrospinal tract
C) Lateral corticospinal tract
D) Tectospinal tract
E) Anterior corticospinal tract

Question 37

Terrance is told by his physician that he has lesions on one side of his spinal cord, which cut the lateral spinothalamic tract. Therefore, Terrance will have an inability to perceive

A) sensations of touch from both sides of his body below the level of injury.
B) his sense of proprioception on the same side of his body below the level of the injury.
C) cutaneous sensations on the opposite side of his body below the level of injury.
D) sensations of vibration on the opposite side of his body at the level of the injury.
E) sensations of tickle on the same side of his body below the level of injury.

Question 38

The fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus would help us

A) perceive pain.
B) tell if an object is rough or smooth.
C) sense temperature.
D) move our arms and legs.
E) write a sentence.

Question 39

In an ascending pathway, axons of the secondary neuron travel from the

A) receptor to the spinal cord.
B) receptor to the brain.
C) spinal cord through the brainstem to the thalamus.
D) thalamus to the cerebral cortex.
E) spinal cord to cerebellum.

Question 40

Receptors that in general produce an action potential in response to a receptor potential are ________ receptors.

A) phasic
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tonic

Question 41

The gate control theory of pain says that pain impulses traveling through the lateral spinothalamic tract can be suppressed by increased activity of the

A) anterior spinothalamic tract.
B) tertiary neurons.
C) extrapyramidal tracts.
D) dorsal column/medial lemniscal system.
E) spinocerebellar tracts.

Question 42

The taste area is located in the ________.

A) insula
B) parietal lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) temporal lobe

Question 43

The primary somatic sensory or general sensory area is located in the

A) postcentral gyrus.
B) precentral gyrus.
C) prefrontal gyrus.
D) central sulcus.
E) superior temporal gyrus.

Question 44

Which of the following statements concerning the descending pathways of the spinal cord is true?

A) Most descending pathways control sensory functions.
B) Many of the descending pathways decussate in the midbrain.
C) Descending pathways consist of upper and lower motor neurons.
D) Descending pathways must synapse in the thalamus.
E) These pathways start in the spinal cord and end in the brain.

Question 45

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Corticospinal tract - movements, especially the hands
B) Corticobulbar tract - movements in the head and face
C) Rubrospinal tract - two-point discrimination
D) Vestibulospinal tract - maintains upright posture
E) Reticulospinal - posture adjustments and walking

Question 46

Which of the following functions is most likely to be performed by the visual association area?

A) Recognize the face of a close friend
B) See the shape of the visual image
C) Sense pain impulses
D) Move the eyes
E) See color

Question 47

Amputees frequently perceive pain in the amputated structure. This type of pain is called ________ pain.

A) chronic
B) phantom
C) referred
D) gate
E) ghost

Question 48

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ________ lobe.

A) frontal
B) temporal
C) occipital
D) parietal

Question 49

If you decide to "snap your fingers," the first neurons to be stimulated are the ________ neurons.

A) association
B) premotor
C) postmotor
D) sensory

Question 50

Impulses that initiate motivation and forethought originate in the ________.

A) postcentral gyrus
B) precentral gyrus
C) prefrontal area
D) association area
E) central sulcus

Question 51

When the CNS responds to tissue damage by decreasing the pain threshold and increasing its sensitivity to pain, this is called ________.

A) referred pain
B) central sensitization
C) peripheral sensitization
D) cumulative sensitization
E) phantom pain

Question 52

During brain surgery, the superior portion of the primary somatic sensory cortex of a patient is stimulated. The patient is most likely to

A) flex his fingers.
B) talk to the surgeon.
C) smile.
D) feel something touching his back.
E) wiggle his toes.

Question 53

A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has damaged the primary motor area of his right cerebral cortex. As a result the

A) patient cannot voluntarily move his right arm or leg.
B) patient feels no sensations on the left side of his body.
C) patient cannot voluntarily move his left eye.
D) patient's heart stops beating.
E) patient cannot voluntarily move his left arm or leg.

Question 54

The size of various regions of the primary somatic sensory cortex is proportional to the ________ sensory receptors in that area of the body.

A) size of
B) location of
C) number of
D) size of muscles in
E) position of the

Question 55

The conscious perception of cutaneous sensations occurs in the cerebral cortex, but these sensations are perceived as if they were on the surface of the body. This is called ________.

A) association
B) perception
C) projection
D) integration
E) localization

Question 56

The primary motor area

A) contains sensory neurons for the face in its inferior portion.
B) contains a smaller area for control of the hands than for control of the legs.
C) contains neurons that control smooth muscle.
D) contains more motor neurons for the thighs than the mouth.
E) contains a larger area for control of the hand and fingers than for control of the arm and elbow.

Question 57

The auditory cortex is located in the ________.

A) insula
B) temporal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 58

Upper motor neurons

A) are found in the visual cortex.
B) control skeletal muscles.
C) are responsible for planning voluntary movements.
D) are located in the prefrontal area.
E) control smooth muscle.

Question 59

Which of the following is a descending pathway in the spinal cord?

A) Fasciculus gracilis
B) Corticospinal tract
C) Spinothalamic tract
D) Spinoreticular tract
E) Trigeminothalamic tract

Question 60

If a person decided to jump over a chair, which of the following areas organizes the motor functions needed to carry out this action?

A) Visual cortex
B) Premotor area
C) Prefrontal area
D) Auditory association area
E) Visual association area

Question 61

Which of the cortical areas listed below is most likely to be stimulated first when repeating a word you just heard spoken?

A) Auditory association area
B) Broca area
C) Primary motor area
D) Primary auditory cortex
E) Wernicke area

Question 62

A primary function of the cerebellum is to ________.

A) interpret sound
B) coordinate movement
C) control body temperature
D) regulate consciousness
E) regulate sleep patterns

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

A) Learning to play the harp
B) Keeping time with music
C) Sleep-wake cycle
D) Coordination of skeletal muscles

Question 64

The brainstem

A) includes nuclei of cranial nerves II - XII.
B) contains centers for several vital reflexes like heart rate and blood pressure.
C) contains the reticular formation.
D) contains nuclei for vomiting and sneezing reflexes.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 65

A nurse is caring for a patient who exhibits the following symptoms:
(1) Inability to maintain balance while walking
(2) Normal intelligence
(3) Can initiate voluntary movements, although they are somewhat uncoordinated
(4) Decreased tone in the skeletal muscles
The patient is probably suffering from a condition that affected the ________.

A) midbrain
B) cerebellum
C) basal ganglia
D) cerebral cortex
E) brainstem

Question 66

If the Broca area is damaged, the result is

A) loss of memory.
B) impairment in the movement of the right leg.
C) blindness.
D) hesitant and distorted speech.
E) inability to think of things to say.

Question 67

Damage to Wernicke area would result in

A) facial paralysis.
B) facial tics.
C) aphasia.
D) "seeing stars".
E) apraxia.

Question 68

Various areas of the cortex form functional pathways to conduct action potentials necessary to perform specific functions. Arrange the areas below in proper sequence to accomplish reading a poem aloud.
(1) Visual association area
(2) Premotor area
(3) Broca area
(4) Primary motor area
(5) Wernicke area
(6) Visual cortex

A) 1, 6, 5, 3, 4, 2
B) 6, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
C) 6, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2
D) 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 3
E) 5, 4, 3, 6, 1, 2

Question 69

Which of the following result when the spinal cord is hemitransected (cut) on the left side?
(1) Loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side
(2) Loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side
(3) Loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side
(4) Loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right side
(5) Loss of fine motor control on the right side below the injury
(6) Loss of fine motor control on the left side below the injury

A) 1, 3, 5
B) 2, 4, 6
C) 2, 3, 6
D) 1, 3, 4, 6
E) 1, 4, 5, 6

Question 70

Two tracts found within the extrapyramidal system are the ________.

A) rubrospinal and corticospinal
B) spinothalamic and tectospinal
C) vestibulospinal and rubrospinal
D) corticobulbar and vestibulospinal
E) corticospinal and corticobulbar

Question 71

Indicate the order of each of the following in a descending pathway.
(1) Cerebral cortex
(2) Pyramids
(3) Cerebral peduncles
(4) Internal capsule

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 4, 2
C) 1, 3, 2, 4
D) 2, 4, 3, 1
E) 1, 4, 3, 2

Question 72

Wernicke area is necessary for

A) motivation.
B) understanding and formulating coherent speech.
C) initiating the muscular movements of speech.
D) processing visual images.
E) smiling.

Question 73

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in Parkinson's disease?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Dopamine
C) Serotonin
D) GABA
E) Acetylcholine

Question 74

Damage to the cerebellum is likely to cause

A) decreased muscle tone.
B) balance impairment.
C) the tendency to overshoot when reaching for an object.
D) an intention tremor.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 75

The cerebellum functions as a comparator. This means that the cerebellum compares

A) the incoming sensory stimuli with the outgoing sensory stimuli.
B) intended movements with actual movements.
C) spinal cord activity with the activity of the cerebrum.
D) the right cerebellar hemisphere with the left cerebellar hemisphere.
E) and coordinates rapid, complex movements like figure skating.

Question 76

A lesion in the red nucleus results in ________ tremors.

A) resting
B) intention
C) sleeping
D) reflex

Question 77

The extrapyramidal system

A) controls the speed of skilled movements.
B) maintains control of unconscious movements.
C) interprets cutaneous perception.
D) projects sensory information from the medulla to the cerebrum.
E) control facial expression, mastication, and tongue movements.

Question 78

Which of the following would you observe in a patient with a tumor of the cerebellum?

A) Loss of general sensation
B) Balance impairment
C) No heartbeat
D) Increased sex drive
E) No conscious thought

Question 79

Lesion of the basal nuclei could cause

A) loss of memory.
B) uncontrolled rage.
C) fluent but circular speech.
D) a slight shaking of the hands or head.
E) loss of sensation.

Question 80

The right cerebral hemisphere

A) receives sensory input from the left side of the body.
B) is the dominant hemisphere for speech in most people.
C) tends to be smaller than the left cerebral hemisphere.
D) contains no association areas.
E) is not connected to the left cerebral hemisphere.