Deck 13: Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What do the cavities of the neural tube become in the adult brain?

A) Subarachnoid space
B) Ventricles
C) Auricles
D) Coelom

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord?

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Midbrain
C) Pons
D) Thalamus
E) Cerebral peduncles

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The pyramids of the medulla contain ________.

A) ascending motor tracts
B) descending motor tracts
C) ascending sensory tracts
D) descending sensory tracts
E) None of the choices are correct

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which structures are formed from neural crest cells?

A) Sensory, autonomic, and enteric neurons
B) Pigmented body cells
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Facial bones
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The fact that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body is explained by the

A) division of the cerebrum into two hemispheres.
B) division of the cerebellum into two hemispheres.
C) decussation of the pyramids in the medulla.
D) need for contra-lateral control of body function.
E) brainstem being below the midbrain.

Question 6

The part of the brain that connects the medulla to the midbrain is the ________.

A) cerebral peduncle
B) pons
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
E) hypothalamus

Question 7

In the CNS, clusters of gray matter containing cell bodies are called ________.

A) nuclei
B) pyramids
C) tracts
D) peduncles
E) ganglia

Question 8

From which embryonic brain region does the medulla oblongata form?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Mesencephalon
D) Metencephalon
E) Myelencephalon

Question 9

The nucleus for the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) is located in the ________.

A) pons
B) medulla
C) mesencephalon
D) cerebrum
E) cerebellum

Question 10

Consider the following five terms and determine which does not belong.

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Pons
C) Cardiac center
D) Pyramids
E) Olives

Question 11

From which germ layer does the nervous system form?

A) Endoderm
B) Mesoderm
C) Exoderm
D) Ectoderm

Question 12

From which embryonic brain region does the cerebellum form?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Mesencephalon
D) Metencephalon
E) Myelencephalon

Question 13

Walking a tightrope would activate which portion(s) of the medulla?

A) The pyramids
B) The superior colliculi
C) The olives
D) The pyramids and the superior colliculi
E) The pyramids and the olives

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning the brainstem is true?

A) The brainstem consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.
B) The brainstem is responsible for higher level thinking skills.
C) Damage to the brainstem is usually fatal.
D) All twelve cranial nerves enter or exit from the brainstem.
E) The brainstem is a relay for sensory input only.

Question 15

A patient with a traumatic head injury may exhibit vomiting as a result of irritation of nuclei in the ________.

A) pons
B) cerebellum
C) medulla oblongata
D) corpora quadrigemina
E) midbrain

Question 16

Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others?

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Midbrain
C) Pons
D) Thalamus
E) Reticular formation

Question 17

A small lesion in the brainstem which resulted in a rapid heart rate, intense vasoconstriction, and elevated blood pressure would probably be located in the ________.

A) medulla oblongata
B) pons
C) cerebellum
D) hypothalamus
E) cerebrum

Question 18

Which of the following is correctly associated with the medulla oblongata?

A) It gives rise to conscious thoughts.
B) It contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter.
C) It contains enlargements called cerebral peduncles.
D) It is the most superior portion of the brainstem.
E) It relays sensory information.

Question 19

The central nervous system develops from a flat mass of tissue called the neural ________.

A) groove
B) tube
C) plate
D) crest
E) fold

Question 20

The cerebrum develops from the embryonic region called the ________.

A) telencephalon
B) mesencephalon
C) diencephalon
D) metencephalon
E) rhombencephalon

Question 21

The reticular formation

A) is composed of nuclei scattered throughout the cerebellum.
B) coordinates fine motor movements.
C) is composed of nuclei scattered throughout the brain stem.
D) is responsible for pain interpretation.
E) is composed of nuclei scattered throughout the cerebrum.

Question 22

During an autopsy the brainstem was separated from the rest of the brain by a cut between the ________ and ________.

A) medulla oblongata; pons
B) pons; midbrain
C) midbrain; diencephalon
D) thalamus; cerebrum
E) medulla; spinal cord

Question 23

A lesion in the cerebral peduncles might affect ________.

A) hearing
B) movement
C) sight
D) heart rate
E) taste

Question 24

Which of the following activities would stimulate the reticular formation?

A) A warm bath
B) A clock radio coming on in the morning
C) A long lecture in a darkened auditorium
D) Eating a big meal
E) Getting a back rub

Question 25

The substantia nigra interconnects with the ________.

A) basal nuclei
B) tegmentum
C) red nuclei
D) reticular nuclei
E) tectum

Question 26

When you walk up behind someone and tap their right shoulder, they will reflexively

A) raise their arms.
B) hit you.
C) turn their head toward the left.
D) sneeze.
E) turn their head toward the right.

Question 27

Which two portions of the brain are involved in controlling respiration?

A) Pons, hypothalamus
B) Cerebrum, hypothalamus
C) Pons, medulla oblongata
D) Medulla oblongata, cerebral peduncles
E) Pons, thalamus

Question 28

The sleep/wake cycle is influenced by the ________.

A) basal nuclei
B) reticular formation
C) vermis
D) thalamic nuclei
E) cerebellum

Question 29

The inferior colliculi

A) are an integral part of the cerebrum.
B) are involved with auditory pathways in the CNS.
C) interconnect directly with the eye.
D) are a major CNS motor neurotransmitter group.
E) are located in the pons.

Question 30

Which area of the brain contains areas that initiates REM sleep?

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Pons
C) Thalamus
D) Midbrain
E) Diencephalon

Question 31

The nuclei of cranial nerves III, IV, and V are located in the ________.

A) pons
B) medulla oblongata
C) midbrain
D) diencephalon
E) cerebellum

Question 32

The portion of the cerebellum that is involved in balance and eye movements is the ________.

A) vermis
B) flocculonodular lobe
C) cerebellar peduncles
D) arbor vitae
E) lateral hemisphere

Question 33

Damage to pontine nuclei might affect ________.

A) vision
B) talking
C) blood pressure
D) respiration
E) heart rate

Question 34

The cerebellum communicates with other parts of the CNS by means of nerve tracts called the ________.

A) vermis
B) flocculonodular pathways
C) cerebellar peduncles
D) arbor vitae
E) folia

Question 35

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching network known as the ________.

A) folia
B) superior peduncle
C) arbor vitae
D) tentorium cerebelli
E) vermis

Question 36

The superior and inferior colliculi are located in which of the following portions of the midbrain?

A) Tegmentum (floor)
B) Cerebral peduncles
C) Substantia nigra
D) Red nucleus
E) Tectum (roof)

Question 37

The superior colliculi receive input from the

A) eyes, skin, cerebrum, and inferior colliculi.
B) inferior colliculi, pyramids, skin, and red nucleus.
C) skin, ears, pyramids, and cerebellum.
D) cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, and inferior colliculi.
E) nose, tongue, and inner ear.

Question 38

Which part of the midbrain carries sensory tracts from the spinal cord?

A) Tectum
B) Cerebral peduncles
C) Tegmentum
D) Red nucleus

Question 39

What is the role of the red nuclei?

A) Responding to loud noises and bright lights
B) Part of the auditory pathways in the CNS
C) Carries sensory information to the brain
D) Unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities

Question 40

A bird hits the windshield of your car, and you reflexively duck and close your eyes. Which of the following is responsible for this action?

A) Medulla
B) Superior colliculi
C) Reticular formation
D) Thalamus
E) Cerebellum

Question 41

Ridges of the cerebellar cortex are called ________.

A) arbor vitae
B) cerebellar peduncles
C) the vermis
D) folia

Question 42

Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the ________.

A) pineal gland
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) mammillary bodies
E) subthalamus

Question 43

Which of the following feelings is NOT related to hypothalamic function?

A) Fear of the unknown
B) Sexual pleasure
C) Feeling satiated after a meal
D) Feeling rested after flying to England
E) Road rage

Question 44

Which of the following statements concerning structures of the diencephalon is false?

A) The thalamus projects sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
B) The subthalamic nuclei are associated with the basal nuclei.
C) The thalamus controls many endocrine functions.
D) The pineal body may play a role in controlling the onset of puberty.
E) The third ventricle separates the two large portions of the thalamus.

Question 45

The habenula and pineal body are both found in the ________.

A) thalamus
B) epithalamus
C) hypothalamus
D) subthalamus
E) hyperthalamus

Question 46

Arrange the following in order from the diencephalon downward.
(1) Spinal cord
(2) Midbrain
(3) Medulla
(4) Pons

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 2, 4, 3, 1
C) 3, 2, 4, 1
D) 4, 2, 3, 1
E) 4, 1, 3, 2

Question 47

The stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland is the ________.

A) corpus callosum
B) infundibulum
C) insula
D) intermediate mass
E) Arbor vitae

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

A) Coordinate control of voluntary movements
B) Help in the maintenance of muscle tone
C) Control the heart rate
D) Control skeletal muscles to maintain balance
E) Control of posture, locomotion, and fine motor coordination

Question 49

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

A) Initiates voluntary movements
B) Involved in psychosomatic illnesses
C) Control of balance
D) Unconscious swinging of the arms while walking
E) Perception of sensation

Question 50

Injury to the thalamus would

A) cause us to stop breathing.
B) affect body temperature regulation.
C) affect pH regulation.
D) prevent puberty.
E) affect sensory projection to the cerebral cortex.

Question 51

The "thermostat" or nucleus that monitors blood temperature is located in the ________.

A) hypothalamus
B) midbrain
C) pons
D) thalamus
E) brainstem

Question 52

A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited the following manifestations: normal tension in skeletal muscle, disturbed fine motor control, exhibited tremors when reaching for objects. What part of the brain is most likely damaged?

A) The prefrontal lobe of the cerebrum
B) The frontal lobe of the cerebrum
C) The basal ganglia
D) The pyramids of the medulla oblongata
E) The cerebellum

Question 53

Afferent fibers terminating in the hypothalamus provide input from the

A) visceral organs.
B) taste receptors of the tongue.
C) limbic system.
D) the prefrontal cortex of the cerebrum.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 54

Thirteen year-old Austin exhibits retarded growth, reduced metabolism, lack of normal reproductive gland development, inability to regulate water intake or water elimination from the body, and an uncontrolled appetite. Which part of Austin's brain is most likely involved?

A) Reticular formation
B) Primary sensory cortex
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Thalamus
E) Hypothalamus

Question 55

Which of the following thalamic nuclei is mismatched with its function?

A) Lateral geniculate nucleus - visual impulses
B) Medial geniculate nucleus - auditory impulses
C) Ventral posterior nucleus - sensory impulses
D) Dorsal tier of nuclei - taste impulses
E) Ventral lateral nuclei - motor functions

Question 56

Smooth, flowing movements are the result of fine motor coordination in the ________ of the cerebellum.

A) anterior vermis
B) cerebellar peduncles
C) lateral hemispheres
D) flocculonodular lobe
E) arbor vitae

Question 57

Which of the following brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Midbrain
C) Pons
D) Thalamus
E) Brainstem

Question 58

The mammillary bodies

A) influence breast milk production.
B) produce reproductive hormones.
C) are involved in emotional responses to odors.
D) are found in the thalamus.
E) influence the onset of puberty.

Question 59

The interthalamic adhesion connects the two portions of the ________.

A) thalamus
B) epithalamus
C) hypothalamus
D) subthalamus
E) corpus callosum

Question 60

Anna has an eating disorder along with intense thirst and wildly varying body temperatures, which means she may have a dysfunction of the ________.

A) pons
B) medulla
C) thalamus
D) hypothalamus
E) brainstem

Question 61

Which of the following is not a lobe of the cerebrum?

A) Parietal
B) Frontal
C) Occipital
D) Sphenoidal
E) Temporal

Question 62

Which type of white fibers connect areas of the cerebral cortex in the same hemisphere?

A) Basal fibers
B) Commissural fibers
C) Projection fibers
D) Association fibers

Question 63

The corpus striatum is composed of the

A) subthalamic and red nuclei.
B) lentiform and caudate nuclei.
C) caudate nucleus and substantia nigra.
D) substantia nigra and hippocampus.
E) subthalamic nuclei and pineal body.

Question 64

The central sulcus separates the ________.

A) two parietal lobes
B) frontal and parietal lobes
C) occipital and temporal lobes
D) temporal and frontal lobes
E) parietal and occipital lobes

Question 65

Projection fibers will connect

A) the cerebrum to other parts of the brain and the spinal cord.
B) one cerebral hemisphere to the other hemisphere.
C) parts of the same hemisphere.
D) motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex.

Question 66

During brain surgery, the superior portion of the postcentral gyrus of a patient is stimulated. What do you expect the patient to do?

A) Flex his fingers
B) Talk to the surgeon
C) Smile
D) Feel pressure on his toes
E) Move his hand

Question 67

Which of the following is a basal nucleus located in the cerebrum?

A) Subthalamic nucleus
B) Red nucleus
C) Caudate nucleus
D) Substantia nigra
E) Habenula

Question 68

The lateral fissure separates the ________ from the rest of the cerebrum.

A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) temporal lobe
E) cerebellum

Question 69

The gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum is called the ________.

A) cortex
B) pia mater
C) reticular formation
D) arbor vitae
E) cerebral medulla

Question 70

The pineal body

A) connects the two cerebral hemispheres.
B) modifies mood.
C) causes hot and cold flashes.
D) appears to play a role in controlling the onset of puberty.
E) plays a role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 71

Which of the following activities is NOT associated with the cerebrum?

A) Interpreting smell and taste
B) Controlling the autonomic nervous system
C) Initiating voluntary movements
D) Making moral judgments
E) Writing poetry

Question 72

The cerebral gyri increase

A) memory assimilation time.
B) the surface area of the cortex.
C) the size of the thalamic nuclei.
D) speech ability.
E) volume of the brain.

Question 73

What is the large C-shaped mass of white matter that consists of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres?

A) Corpus callosum
B) Infundibulum
C) Intermediate mass
D) Vermis
E) Gyrus

Question 74

Tracts of white matter that connect the right and left hemispheres are composed of ________ fibers.

A) decussation
B) association
C) commissural
D) projection
E) pyramidal

Question 75

Lesions of the basal nuclei could cause

A) loss of memory.
B) uncontrolled rage.
C) fluent but circular speech.
D) a slight shaking of the hands or head.
E) loss of the sense of smell.

Question 76

The cerebral medulla

A) has the same function as the medulla oblongata.
B) is the gray matter on the cerebrum's surface.
C) consists of many nerve tracts of white matter beneath the cerebral cortex.
D) is another name for the basal nuclei.
E) is the outer layer of the cerebrum.

Question 77

The primary somatic sensory or general sensory area is located in the ________.

A) postcentral gyrus
B) precentral gyrus
C) prefrontal gyrus
D) Wernicke gyrus
E) prefrontal cortex

Question 78

Association fibers connect

A) the cerebrum with the spinal cord.
B) one cerebral hemisphere to another.
C) areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.
D) areas of the cerebral cortex with areas of the midbrain.
E) areas of the cerebral cortex with areas of the spinal cord.

Question 79

If an animal has had its cerebrum removed, it cannot ________.

A) see
B) live
C) breathe
D) regulate body temperature
E) regulate heart rate

Question 80

The corpus callosum

A) consists of a broad band of gray matter.
B) is found at the base of the transverse fissure.
C) is a band of commissural fibers that connects the right cerebral hemisphere to the left cerebral hemisphere.
D) connects the frontal lobe to the occipital lobe.
E) connects the frontal lobe to the parietal lobe.