Deck 4: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

A mutant plant cell with no chloroplasts would

A) still be able to capture energy as sunlight.
B) synthesize new chloroplasts in the nucleus.
C) appear green in color.
D) still be able to use carbohydrates as an energy source for a short period of time.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an example of a(n)

A) organelle.
B) glycoprotein.
C) polysaccharide.
D) phospholipid.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains all of the following EXCEPT

A) organelles.
B) dissolved nutrients.
C) enzymes.
D) water.
E) chromosomes.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Membrane proteins are synthesized on ribosomes that are located

A) in the cytoplasm.
B) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
C) on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D) on the Golgi apparatus.
E) in the nucleus.

Question 5

Phospholipids are

A) completely hydrophobic.
B) found in cell membranes.
C) completely hydrophilic.
D) made on the ribosomes.

Question 6

Of the items listed, which is the smallest that you can see with the unaided eye?

A) Human skin cell
B) DNA molecule
C) Ribosomes
D) Virus
E) Frog embryo

Question 7

Which of the following statements does NOT agree with the cell theory?

A) The smallest living organisms are single cells.
B) Spontaneous generation of cells cannot occur.
C) Paramecium comes from Paramecium.
D) Insects are composed of cells.
E) A balanced diet is important for good health.

Question 8

All cells possess all of the following components EXCEPT

A) genetic material (DNA or RNA).
B) ribosomes.
C) cytoplasm.
D) a plasma cell membrane.
E) a nuclear membrane.

Question 9

The phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane have__________ heads and__________ tails.

A) hydrophilic; hydrophobic
B) hydrophobic; hydrophilic
C) eukaryotic; prokaryotic
D) prokaryotic; eukaryotic
E) cytoplasmic; phagocytic

Question 10

Flagellated cells can

A) divide more quickly than nonflagellated cells.
B) move internal organelles more efficiently than nonflagellated cells.
C) attach to surfaces more effectively because of the flagella.
D) move the cell through fluid.

Question 11

What primarily determines the shape of animal cells, which lack cell walls?

A) Cytoskeleton
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Nucleus
D) Cytoplasm
E) Ribosomes

Question 12

Which of the following is the smallest?

A) Mitochondrion
B) Prokaryotic cell
C) Eukaryotic cell
D) Virus

Question 13

Plastids are found in __________cells.

A) plant
B) bacterial
C) fungal
D) animal

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of plastids?

A) Storing pigments
B) Carrying out photosynthesis
C) Extracting energy from food and converting it to ATP
D) Storing photosynthetic products

Question 15

Which type of microscope has the best resolution?

A) Hookeʹs microscope
B) A modern light microscope
C) An electron microscope
D) Leeuwenhoekʹs microscope

Question 16

Which of the following components is NOT part of the modern cell theory?

A) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
B) All cells arise from preexisting cells.
C) The smallest living organisms are single cells.
D) Bacteria are examples of eukaryotic cells.
E) Cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms.

Question 17

Of the following cell components, which is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells?

A) Golgi complex
B) Mitochondria
C) DNA
D) Chromatin
E) Cytoskeleton

Question 18

All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT

A) assistance during cell division.
B) maintenance of organization in the cell.
C) storage of food molecules.
D) movement of organelles.
E) maintenance of shape.

Question 19

Which of the following is so small, it is visible only with an electron microscope?

A) Mitochondrion
B) Eukaryotic cell
C) Prokaryotic cell
D) DNA

Question 20

What is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell?

A) A plasma membrane
B) DNA
C) A nuclear membrane
D) Enzymes
E) Ribosomes

Question 21

Which organelle is most abundant in cardiac muscle cells?

A) Plastids
B) Mitochondria
C) Lysosomes
D) Smooth ER
E) Golgi complexes

Question 22

A cell with a large number of lysosomes would most likely be very active in

A) movement.
B) lipid synthesis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) cell division.

Question 23

The Golgi apparatus packages materials into__________ for transport or export.

A) organelles
B) vesicles
C) nucleoli
D) vacuoles
E) plastids

Question 24

How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?

A) Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.
B) Defective organelles accumulate until the cell itself dies.
C) The organelles are exported by phagocytosis.
D) Ribosomes remove malfunctioning organelles by degrading the parts.
E) The organelles are engulfed by plastids and stored.

Question 25

Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell.

A) ER → DNA → RNA → protein
B) DNA → RNA → protein
C) RNA → DNA → protein
D) ER → DNA → Golgi → protein

Question 26

Ribosomes are the site of __________synthesis.

A) RNA
B) DNA
C) glucose
D) protein
E) nucleoli

Question 27

The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is characterized by

A) a nonporous membrane.
B) a single-layered membrane.
C) a triple-layer membrane.
D) a double membrane.

Question 28

Which statement most accurately describes the interactions among ER, ribosomes, and Golgi bodies in exporting protein from the cell?

A) Ribosomes make proteins that travel through the Golgi bodies to the ER, which exports them.
B) Golgi bodies manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER to be packaged by the ribosomes for export.
C) ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by the Golgi bodies to the ribosomes for export.
D) Ribosomes manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER and are packaged by the Golgi bodies for export.
E) ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by ribosomes to the Golgi bodies for export.

Question 29

Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) enzymes.
C) DNA.
D) cytoplasmic ribosomes.
E) plasma membranes.

Question 30

Which of the following ʺbuds offʺ of the Golgi complex?

A) Cells
B) Nuclei
C) Vesicles
D) Cytoskeleton
E) Ribosomes

Question 31

What is the difference between free and attached ribosomes?

A) Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are embedded on the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) Free ribosomes are readily ʺused upʺ by the cell and are replaced frequently, whereas attached ribosomes remain functional for the lifetime of the cell.
C) Free ribosomes produce proteins, whereas attached ribosomes produce carbohydrates.
D) Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 32

Which of the following does NOT possess a double membrane?

A) Mitochondrion
B) Plastid
C) Ribosome
D) Nuclear envelope
E) Chloroplast

Question 33

Which cellular organelle packages enzymes and forms lysosomes?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Rough ER
C) Mitochondrion
D) Smooth ER

Question 34

A nucleolus is

A) a membrane-bound organelle.
B) an area where the nucleus is synthesized.
C) an area in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where ribosomes are synthesized and assembled.
D) the area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated.
E) an extra nucleus in the cell.

Question 35

Researchers have been able to study the pathway of a secreted protein by ʺtaggingʺ it with a fluorescent marker. Using this method, you would observe fluorescence moving from the ER to which organelle?

A) Mitochondria
B) Plasma membrane
C) Lysosome
D) Nuclear membrane
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 36

If all of the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured and released their contents, what could occur?

A) There would be no change in the normal function of the cell.
B) The number of proteins in the cell would begin to increase.
C) The DNA within the mitochondria would begin to degrade.
D) The biological molecules in the cell would begin to degrade.
E) The mitochondria and chloroplasts would begin to divide.

Question 37

What is the function of a plant cell vacuole?

A) Stores water
B) Replicates chromosomes
C) Initiates division of the cell
D) Packages proteins for export

Question 38

Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed of primarily

A) ER.
B) lipids.
C) nucleic acids.
D) proteins.
E) polysaccharides.

Question 39

Which of the following is associated with rough ER?

A) Chlorophyll
B) Plasma membrane
C) Lipid synthesis
D) Ribosomes
E) DNA

Question 40

If a cell contains large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), then

A) few, if any, enzymes for biochemical processes are manufactured by that cell.
B) membrane lipids could be produced by that cell.
C) membrane proteins and phospholipids are lacking in the cell.
D) large amounts of protein hormones could be produced and exported by the cell.
E) digestive enzymes cannot be manufactured by that cell.

Question 41

Which of the following is capable of converting solar energy into chemical energy?

A) Chloroplasts
B) Vacuoles
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
E) Vesicles

Question 42

A cell from a wheat plant contains all of the following EXCEPT a

A) chloroplast.
B) cytoskeleton.
C) cell wall.
D) mitochondrion.
E) flagellum.

Question 43

Which of the following is the thinnest?

A) An intermediate filament
B) A flagellum
C) A microtubule
D) A microfilament

Question 44

All of the following are characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts EXCEPT

A) both synthesize ATP.
B) both possess their own DNA, independent of the nucleus.
C) both likely evolved from prokaryotic bacteria.
D) both can capture the energy of sunlight.
E) both are surrounded by a double membrane.

Question 45

For the following question(s), select the organelle that is the most appropriate match for each description. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

-Digests damaged organelles

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Mitochondrion

Question 46

For the following question(s), select the organelle that is the most appropriate match for each description. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

-Makes steroid hormones

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Mitochondrion

Question 47

For the following question(s), select the organelle that is the most appropriate match for each description. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

-Sorts proteins and sends them to their proper destination

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Mitochondrion

Question 48

Which of the following cell structures is NOT found in a bacterial cell?

A) Central vacuole
B) Plasma membrane
C) Cell wall
D) DNA
E) Ribosomes

Question 49

Which pair of organelles is responsible for supplying energy (in the form of ATP) to eukaryotic cells?

A) Mitochondria and lysosomes
B) Chloroplasts and ribosomes
C) Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
D) Chloroplasts and mitochondria
E) Ribosomes and mitochondria

Question 50

For the following question(s), select the organelle that is the most appropriate match for each description. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

-Site of protein synthesis

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Mitochondrion

Question 51

Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) Prokaryotes have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleoid.
B) Prokaryotes have a cell wall, but eukaryotes do not.
C) Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus.
D) Prokaryotes have RNA, whereas eukaryotes have DNA.
E) Prokaryotes have DNA, whereas eukaryotes have RNA.

Question 52

Responsible for most of a muscle cell?s ATP generation

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Mitochondrion

Question 53

All of the following cells contain mitochondria EXCEPT

A) animal cells.
B) prokaryotic cells.
C) plant cells.
D) eukaryotic cells.

Question 54

Which of the following relationships is FALSE?

A) Chloroplasts-chief site of lipid synthesis
B) Cell wall-support and protection
C) Mitochondria-formation of ATP
D) Nucleus-genetic information
E) Ribosomes-site of protein synthesis

Question 55

All of the following are dependent on cilia EXCEPT the

A) respiratory tract of vertebrates.
B) sperm of animals.
C) gills of oysters.
D) oviduct in mammals.

Question 56

A particular cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n)__________ cell.

A) plant, but not an animal
B) bacterial
C) plant or animal
D) plant or bacterial
E) animal, but not a plant

Question 57

A plant cell adapted for waste storage would probably contain a large number of

A) ribosomes.
B) vacuoles.
C) nuclei.
D) ER.
E) mitochondria.

Question 58

The organelle that extracts energy in food to produce ATP energy is the

A) ribosome.
B) nucleus.
C) chloroplast.
D) mitochondrion.
E) cytoplasm.

Question 59

Which of the following provides evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic organisms?

A) They contain nucleoids.
B) They contain their own DNA, independent of the nucleus.
C) They capture the energy of sunlight to make ATP.
D) They produce digestive enzymes on their rough ER.

Question 60

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess

A) ribosomes.
B) chloroplasts.
C) a nucleus.
D) mitochondria.

Question 61

RNA carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. To get from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, RNA must pass through a__________ in the nuclear membrane.

Question 62

Prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria, so they cannot make ATP energy.

Question 63

What size, in diameter, are most single cells?

Question 64

What are the three main components of modern cell theory?

Question 65

A cell that contains a large number of ribosomes would produce a large number of__________molecules.

Question 66

The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is in the __________region of the cytoplasm.

Question 67

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm of a cell is the__________ .

Question 68

The__________ is an organelle that extracts energy from food molecules and converts it into ATP; the __________is an organelle that captures solar energy and converts it into food energy.

Question 69

The__________ is an organelle in which some of the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and rough ER are modified and packaged.

Question 70

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about prokaryotes?

A) Prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes.
B) Prokaryotes are so small that they can be seen only with a high-power electron microscope.
C) Prokaryotes may contain extra genes in plasmids.
D) Prokaryotes have a plasma membrane, similar to that of eukaryotes.

Question 71

Imagine that a protein molecule is to be exported from a cell. Describe the pathway that the protein takes from the point of synthesis to export.

Question 72

Why are cells generally small?

Question 73

What components do all cells possess?

Question 74

Describe the main functions of the plasma membrane.

Question 75

Cells that have a nucleus are referred to as__________ cells; those that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are called__________ cells.

Question 76

If you removed the sex pili from a bacterial cell, then the

A) bacterium could no longer swim.
B) bacterium could no longer regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
C) bacterium could no longer exchange DNA with other cells.
D) shape of the bacterium would change.
E) bacterium would dry out.

Question 77

Prokaryotes that are rod-shaped are called

A) cocci.
B) bacilli.
C) spirilla.
D) eukaryotes.

Question 78

The small, circular loops of DNA in prokaryotic cells that are separate from the main chromosome and may carry genes associated with antibiotic resistance are called

A) plastids.
B) plasmids.
C) cristae.
D) ribosomes.
E) pili.

Question 79

Some bacteria, including many that cause disease, attach to surfaces using external__________or slime__________ and/or hair -like protein strands called attachment __________.

Question 80

Prokaryotic cells do NOT have

A) flagella.
B) cytoplasm.
C) ribosomes.
D) genes.
E) cilia.