Deck 7: Sampling

Question 1

A ___________ sample in which elements are selected from a list at predetermined intervals.

A) Probability
B) Nonprobability
C) Systematic
D) Stratified

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A(n) ____________ is a single occurrence, realization, or instance of the objects or entities being studied.

A) Element, or unit of analysis is also acceptable
B) Statistic
C) Population parameter
D) Estimator

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A(n) _____________ is the discrepancy between an observed and a true value that arises because only a portion of a population is observed.

A) Standard error
B) Sampling error
C) Error in conjecture
D) Statistical error

Answer 3

B

Question 4

__________________ are used to approximate the corresponding population values, or parameters.

A) Sample statistics

Question 5

Characteristics of populations, such as averages, differences between groups, and relationships among variables that can be quantified as a number are called _______________.

A) Statistics
B) Estimators
C) (Population) parameters
D) Errors

Question 6

A ___________ is an entity listed in a sampling frame

A) Sampling frame
B) Sampling unit
C) Element
D) Sample bias

Question 7

The mean of many independently and randomly chosen samples, their average or mean will equal the corresponding true, or population, quantity, no matter what the sample size is called the

A) Standard error
B) Normal value
C) Expected value
D) Population error

Question 8

A __________ sample is a probability sample in which elements sharing one or more characteristics are grouped, and elements are selected from each group in proportion to the group's representation in the total population.

A) Probability
B) Nonprobability
C) Systematic
D) Stratified

Question 9

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a sample instead of a population and vice versa?

Question 10

A(n) _____________ is a sample statistic based on sample observations that estimates the numerical value of a population characteristic, or parameter.

A) Standard error
B) Estimator
C) Element
D) Sampling frame

Question 11

In a __________ sample, respondents are used to identify other persons who might qualify for inclusion in the sample.

A) Snowball

Question 12

The major goal of statistical inference is to make supportable conjectures about the unknown characteristics of a

A) Population
B) Standard errors
C) Sample
D) Estimator

Question 13

A ________ sample is a probability sample in which the sampling frame initially consists of groups of elements.

A) Cluster

Question 14

If a sampling frame is incomplete or inappropriate, ___________ will occur.

A) Sampling frame
B) Sampling unit
C) Element
D) Sample bias

Question 15

The mathematical term for the variation around the expected value is the _____________.

A) Standard error of the estimator, or standard error

Question 16

A ____________ sample is one in which each element in the population has an unknown probability of being selected.

A) Probability
B) Nonprobability
C) Systematic
D) Stratified

Question 17

A _______________ sample is simply a sample for which each element in the total population has a known probability of being included in the sample.

A) Probability
B) Nonprobability
C) Systematic
D) Stratified

Question 18

A(n) ___________ is any subset of units collected in some manner from a population.

A) Sample
B) Estimator
C) Element
D) Sampling frame

Question 19

The particular population from which a sample is actually drawn is called a _____________.

A) Sampling frame
B) Sampling unit
C) Element
D) Sample bias

Question 20

Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method and therefore takes advantage of random assignment to avoid bias. In your answer, please identify and explain one scenario under which a systematic sampling technique would result in a biased sample.

Question 21

Please define three random and three nonrandom sampling techniques.

Question 22

What is a disproportionate stratified sample and why would you use one? In your answer, please include an example.

Question 23

Please explain the logic behind statistical inference.

Question 24

How do we determine the expected value of a population parameter?

Question 25

What is a sampling distribution of a sample and what can it be used for?