Deck 20: Data Analysis in Qualitative and Mixed Research

Question 1

Describe the seven analytical procedures used in mixed analysis.

Answer 1

not answered

Question 2

Code some text data.

Answer 2

not answered

Question 3

The consistency across different data coders is called:

A) The master list
B) Intracoder reliability
C) Intercoder reliability
D) Co-occurring codes

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Keneshia is studying how school counselors engage in one-to-one career counseling with high school students. She records and transcribes the dialogue between the students and the counselors in the sessions. What would be the unit that he would use to segment the transcribed data set?

A) Each conversational turn in the session
B) Each sentence of the session
C) Each paragraph of the transcript
D) Each word in the session

Question 5

List the three most popular computer programs that are used to analyze qualitative data.

Question 6

Describe the procedures used to analyze qualitative data.

Question 7

Juan is a qualitative researcher studying the lives of high school students in a rural community. He spends one day a week for 10 weeks in the school observing the social interactions of the students as they arrive, during lunch, and at after school activities. He also interviews the students and teachers. As he is reviewing the interview data, he remembers one day from the observations where he was perplexed about why the students interacted as they did. He jots down a note that reminds him that this interview provides them with a theory about the interactions he observed. This process of jotting notes as he examines the data is called:

A) Memoing
B) Transcription
C) Facesheet coding
D) Drawing diagrams

Question 8

Describe the cells of the mixed research data analysis matrix.

Question 9

A list of all codes used in a research study is called:

A) A master list
B) An inductive code
C) An a priori code
D) A face-sheet code

Question 10

Know the advantages and disadvantages of using computer programs for qualitative data analysis.

Question 11

Qualitative researchers often take reflective notes about what they are learning from the data. The process of taking these notes is called:

A) Transcription
B) Typology
C) Segmenting
D) Memoing

Question 12

Know some of the common types of relationships found in qualitative data.

Question 13

The process of dividing data into meaningful analytic units is called:

A) Memoing
B) Transcription
C) Segmenting
D) Drawing Diagrams

Question 14

Know what it means to analyze data inductively.

Question 15

Describe the process of coding.

Question 16

List the different types of codes.

Question 17

The consistency of a coder with himself or herself in coding the data is called:

A) The master list
B) Intracoder reliability
C) Intercoder reliability
D) Co-occurring codes

Question 18

A qualitative researcher is studying the implementation of systemic mathematical reform in a school. During the school year he collects data, analyzes the data, and then makes further decisions about additional data to collect. This process is known as:

A) Transcription
B) Interim analysis
C) Segmenting
D) Typology

Question 19

Understand the terminology surrounding qualitative data analysis.

Question 20

The cyclical process of collecting and analyzing data during a single research study is known as:

A) Transcription
B) Interim analysis
C) Segmenting
D) Typology

Question 21

In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation, X is a way to do Y," in Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled:

A) Spatial
B) Rationale
C) Means-end
D) Strict inclusion

Question 22

In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation, "X is a place for doing Y," in Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled:

A) Rationale
B) Means-end
C) Strict inclusion
D) Location for action

Question 23

Codes that are generated by a researcher by directly examining the data are called:

A) A priori codes
B) Post hoc codes
C) Master list codes
D) Inductive codes

Question 24

Codes that partially or completely overlap are called:

A) Facesheet codes
B) Co-occurring codes
C) A priori codes
D) Master list codes

Question 25

In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation, "X is a result of Y; X is a cause of Y," in Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled:

A) Cause-effect
B) Rationale
C) Means-end
D) Strict inclusion

Question 26

A researcher does a study where he interviews and observes kindergarten and third grade teachers. One code he attaches to each interview transcript is whether the teacher was a third grade teacher or a kindergarten teacher. This tag for grade of teacher is called:

A) A facesheet code
B) An a priori code
C) A master list code
D) A co-occurring code

Question 27

In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation, "X is an attribute (characteristic) of Y," in Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled:

A) Spatial
B) Rationale
C) Means-end
D) Attribution

Question 28

Codes that apply to a complete document or case are called:

A) Facesheet codes
B) A priori codes
C) Master list codes
D) Co-occurring codes

Question 29

Codes that are developed prior to examining the data are called:

A) A priori codes
B) Post hoc codes
C) Master list codes
D) Inductive codes

Question 30

A researcher is doing a study of students' concepts of bullying. She starts out with a set of codes that she developed from a previous study of bullying. These codes are labeled:

A) A priori codes
B) Post hoc codes
C) Inductive codes
D) Master list codes

Question 31

In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation, "X is a place in Y; X is part of Y," in Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled:

A) Spatial
B) Rationale
C) Means-end
D) Strict inclusion

Question 32

In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation, "X is a reason for doing Y," in Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled:

A) Sequence
B) Rationale
C) Means-end
D) Strict inclusion

Question 33

The process of quantifying data in qualitative research is called:

A) Enumeration
B) Co-occurring codes
C) Facesheet coding
D) Diagramming

Question 34

In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation X is a kind of Y in Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled:

A) Spatial
B) Rationale
C) Means-end
D) Strict inclusion

Question 35

A researcher does a study of students' phenomenological feelings about problem solving. One of her categories of codes involves positive affect. Two subcategories of that category of positive affect are (1) smiling when solves the problem and (2) shouting hooray when finished. The relation between these subcategories and the overall category of positive affect is:

A) Spatial
B) Sequence
C) Strict inclusion
D) Function

Question 36

A researcher does a study where he interviews teachers concerning their beliefs about grading. He notices that a code indicating belief in the objectivity of grades tends to appear along with a belief in the usefulness of multiple choice tests. The redundancy of these codes indicates that these codes are:

A) Facesheet codes
B) A priori codes
C) Master list codes
D) Co-occurring codes

Question 37

A researcher studying school discipline codes the different incidents into different categories of disciplinary problems. She then counts the number of incidents that involve violence. The process of counting of the incidents is called:

A) Facesheet coding
B) Diagramming
C) A priori Coding
D) Enumeration

Question 38

In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation, "X is used for Y," in Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled:

A) Function
B) Attribution
C) Means-end
D) Strict inclusion

Question 39

A researcher is doing a study of peer groups in middle school. She interviews five girls and five boys. She is doing a grounded theory study; hence, she decides to start by generating her codes as she scans through her transcriptions of her data. These codes are labeled:

A) A priori codes
B) Post hoc codes
C) Inductive codes
D) Master list codes

Question 40

In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation, "X is a step (stage) in Y," in Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled:

A) Spatial
B) Rationale
C) Means-end
D) Sequence

Question 41

A researcher does a study of students who drop out of school. She finds that when she looks at drop-outs, she finds that dropping-out is often the result of having no parental supervision during the middle school years. Her conclusion about drop-outs reflects which of Spradley's categories of semantic relations?

A) Location for action
B) Spatial
C) Strict inclusion
D) Cause-effect

Question 42

Which of the following Boolean operators would find all the teachers who used manipulatives (blocks, chips, and such) to teach problem solving in math, other than the kindergarten teachers?

A) Manipulatives and problem solving and kindergarten
B) Manipulatives or problem solving or kindergarten
C) Not Manipulatives or kindergarten and problem solving
D) Manipulatives and problem solving not kindergarten

Question 43

A researcher studies the process of increasing achievement in schools that are failing. She finds that the first step to successful change was to give the principal leeway in following the school districts rules. The next step was to allow the principal to hand pick his or her staff. The example above is best represented by which of Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations?

A) Attribution
B) Spatial
C) Sequence
D) Function

Question 44

A classification system that breaks something down into different types or kinds.

A) Typology
B) Inductive coding
C) A priori codes
D) Co-occurring codes

Question 45

A researcher is studying lunchroom activities in schools. She visits some schools that have what they label "quiet lunch" where children are not allowed to talk. She interviews the principals about this policy and finds out that the reason they claim they do it is to make sure that children eat in the allotted time that they have for lunch. Which of Spradley's categories of semantic relations is reflected in the description presented above?

A) Strict inclusion
B) Rationale
C) Spatial
D) Sequence

Question 46

A researcher is studying how teacher leaders are used in schools. One thing he finds is that teacher leaders are often charged with doing professional development when new curricula are implemented. Thus teacher leaders are often professional developers. Which of Spradley's categories of semantic relations is reflected in the description presented above?

A) Function
B) Cause-effect
C) Sequence
D) Location-for-action

Question 47

Searching for potential ways of classifying inductive codes into successive levels or layers is called:

A) Memoing
B) Enumeration
C) Hierarchical analysis
D) network diagramming

Question 48

A researcher studies the characteristics of effective deans of colleges of education. She finds that deans who have weaker academic credentials than their faculty are ineffective. The example above is best represented by which of Spradley's taxonomy of semantic relations?

A) Attribution
B) Spatial
C) Sequence
D) Function

Question 49

A researcher is studying discipline in classrooms. She observes that teachers often take students into the cloak room to scold them or discipline them in some other way. The cloak room is the place where disciplining is done. Which of Spradley's categories of semantic relations is reflected in the description presented above?

A) Cause-effect
B) Rationale
C) Sequence
D) Location-for-action

Question 50

In mixed analysis, ____ refers to describing visually your quantitative data and/or your qualitative data.

A) Data display
B) Data transformation
C) Data reduction
D) Data correlation

Question 51

Which of the following pictures is a network diagram?

A) Steps to choosing a science major
B)

C)

D) Students' Academic Majors

Question 52

A researcher does a study of elementary schools. He develops a typology that classifies all schools into one of five different separate and distinct classifications. This typology is:

A) Mutually exclusive but not exhaustive
B) Exhaustive and mutually exclusive
C) An a priori code
D) An enumeration

Question 53

A researcher is interested in whether a group of counselors who have counseled students who subsequently committed violent crimes mentioned any common characteristics of such children. She finds that in one case the violent crime was associated with a traumatic divorce and abuse by a stepparent. She decides to do a search in the computer program she has to see if this were true for other cases. Which of the following searches would find both of those events occurring?

A) Traumatic divorce not abuse or stepparent
B) Traumatic divorce or abuse and stepparent
C) Traumatic divorce and stepparent and abuse
D) Traumatic divorce and abuse not stepparent

Question 54

A word, or more typically, a set of words denoting an important idea that occurs multiple times in your data is called:

A) A Theme
B) A memo
C) Enumeration
D) Transcription

Question 55

A researcher is studying how counselors pass their state licensing exam. She discovers that one way to enhance the likelihood of passing is to study with a group of people. Another way she finds is to take a review course. Which of Spradley's categories of semantic relations is reflected in the description presented above?

A) Sequence
B) Location-for-action
C) Attribution
D) Means-end

Question 56

A researcher does a study of the different varieties of story problems presented in an Algebra class. She develops a typology that categorizes all of the problems in her study. This typology is:

A) Mutually exclusive
B) Exhaustive
C) An a priori code
D) An enumeration

Question 57

A researcher does a study of schools where teachers get along well. She finds that in schools where the teachers get along well, there is a dedicated teacher's lounge. That is, a teachers' lounge is part of a school where teachers get along. Which of Spradley's categories of relationships is identified in this example?

A) Spatial
B) Cause-effect
C) Means-end
D) Sequence

Question 58

When researchers show images to research participants during formal or informal interviews, this is called:

A) Triangulation
B) Transcription
C) Photo Interviewing
D) Memoing

Question 59

When a qualitative researcher makes a sketch, drawing, or outline to clarify something, this is called:

A) Enumerating
B) A priori coding
C) Diagramming
D) Boolean operation

Question 60

A researcher is studying the steps to successful curricular reform draws a picture that outlines the factors that lead to successful reform. This picture is called:

A) A network diagram
B) A Boolean operator
C) An enumeration
D) An a priori code

Question 61

Sarah does a study of how well schools are integrated in communities. She examines the schools through their aerial satellite pictures and their surroundings. She also examines the types of buildings and green space around the schools, as well as streets and other suroundings. This analysis is an example of what technique?

A) Semiotic visual analysis
B) Semiotics
C) Visual content analysis
D) Photo interviewing

Question 62

In her mixed research analysis, Dr. Page has just combined her qualitative and quantitative findings into a coherent whole. This is an example of:

A) Data display
B) Data transformation
C) Data integration
D) Data consolidation

Question 63

In mixed research analysis, evaluating the findings of the qualitative and quantitative analyses is known as:

A) Data display
B) Data comparison
C) Data integration
D) Data correlation

Question 64

In mixed analysis, ____ involves correlating or cross-classifying different data types, such as transforming qualitative data into categorical variables and examining their relationships with quantitative variables.

A) Data display
B) Data transformation
C) Data reduction
D) Data correlation

Question 65

What is the identification and interpretation of symbolic meaning of visual data called?

A) Semiotic visual analysis
B) Semiotics
C) Visual content analysis
D) Diagramming

Question 66

Initial coding of qualitative research data is called first stage coding.

Question 67

In mixed research analysis, cutting down on the number of dimensions of the qualitative or quantitative data is known as:

A) Data reduction
B) Data transformation
C) Data integration
D) Data consolidation

Question 68

In mixed analysis, ____ involves quantitizing and/or qualitizing data.

A) Data display
B) Data transformation
C) Data reduction
D) Data correlation

Question 69

As Dr. Turner read the transcripts from several interviews, she marked various passages with words such as "use of historical memory," "making analogy," and "defining." What is the term for the process she was using?

A) Coding
B) Transcribing
C) Enumeration
D) Diagramming

Question 70

The study of signs and what they stand for in human culture is called?

A) Semiotic visual analysis
B) Semiotics
C) Visual content analysis
D) Photo interviewing

Question 71

What is the purpose of the Mixed Analysis Matrix?

A) To provide a diagram of hierarchical analysis themes
B) To help conceptualize the ways data will be analyzed and transformed
C) To help qualitative researchers figure out how to organize themes
D) To display quantitative and qualitative data

Question 72

Intercoder reliability in qualitative analyses is analogous to interrater reliability in quantitative analyses.

Question 73

In-vivo codes:

A) Are developed before the research study begins
B) Are overlapping sets of codes
C) Use the language and words of the research participants
D) Are codes that apply to a complete document or case

Question 74

In mixed research analysis, the quantitative and qualitative data are sometimes combined to create new configurations of codes, variables, or data sets. What is this called?

A) Data display
B) Data transformation
C) Data integration
D) Data consolidation

Question 75

Boolean searches cannot be done with qualitative data analysis programs.

Question 76

Qualitative researchers are not concerned with corroborating and validating results.

Question 77

In vivo codes are codes that are grounded in participants own words.

Question 78

In mixed research analysis, creating representations of your quantitative data and/or your qualitative data is known as:

A) Data display
B) Data transformation
C) Data integration
D) Data consolidation

Question 79

In his study, Dr. Piper asks participants to look at visual images and interpret their symbolic meaning. He is asking them to use:

A) Semiotic visual analysis
B) Semiotics
C) Visual content analysis
D) Photo interviewing

Question 80

A researcher does a mixed methods study of how teachers accommodate the learning preferences of students. One part of the study involves a quantitative measure of several learning preferences of students. The research takes the scores of students on the four different dimensions to create qualitative categories of learning preference. The researcher was engaged in what process?

A) Data Display
B) Data transformation
C) Data reduction
D) Data correlation