Deck 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Question 1

On average, the kidneys receive approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

A) 10 to 14%
B) 15 to 19%
C) 20 to 25%
D) 26 to 35%

Answer 1

20 to 25%

Question 2

What will the renin-angiotensin system be activated by?

A) Increased blood volume
B) Elevated sodium concentrations
C) Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles
D) Renal hypertension

Answer 2

Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles

Question 3

What type of phagocytic cell lies between the layers of the renal capillaries?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa cells
C) Mesangial cells
D) Filtration slits

Answer 3

Mesangial cells

Question 4

Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which hormone?

A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANP)
C) Renin
D) Aldosterone

Question 5

What is the trigone?

A) The orifice of the ureter
B) The inner area of the kidney
C) A triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra
D) The three divisions of the loop of Henle

Question 6

When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.

A) membranous
B) prostatic
C) cavernous
D) vas deferens

Question 7

What structure does urine pass through prior to entering the ureters?

A) Collecting duct
B) Renal pelvis
C) Urethra
D) Major calyx

Question 8

What does the descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allow for?

A) Sodium secretion
B) Potassium secretion
C) Hydrogen ion reabsorption
D) Water reabsorption

Question 9

When a staff member asks which of the following substances is actively secreted by the renal tubules, what is the nurse's best response?

A) Sodium and chlorine
B) Phosphate and calcium
C) Hydrogen and potassium
D) Bicarbonate and carbonic acid

Question 10

When the nurse is discussing the sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa
C) Mesangial cells
D) Loop of Henle

Question 11

The blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

A) vagus nerve.
B) sympathetic nervous system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 12

What structure supplies blood to the medulla?

A) Renal artery
B) Arcuate artery
C) Peritubular capillary
D) Vasa recta

Question 13

When discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what term should the nurse use?

A) Calyx
B) Nephron
C) Collecting duct
D) Pyramid

Question 14

A nurse realizes that glucose will be excreted in the urine when:

A) the maximum rate of glucose filtration is achieved.
B) the carrier molecules have reached their maximum.
C) glucose is consumed.
D) the ability of the kidneys to regulate blood glucose is lost.

Question 15

When a nurse is checking the urinalysis, why should plasma proteins be absent from the urine?

A) All filtered proteins are subsequently reabsorbed.
B) The texture of the covering surrounding plasma proteins interferes with reabsorption.
C) Filtered proteins are subsequently degraded before elimination.
D) The negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins.

Question 16

Where does the majority of sodium reabsorption take place?

A) Proximal tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal tubule
D) Collecting duct

Question 17

When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:

A) corpuscle.
B) capsule.
C) medulla.
D) pyramid.

Question 18

What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) directly related to?

A) Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
B) Oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries
C) Vascular resistance in the glomerular arterioles
D) Hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule

Question 19

The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is called the:

A) medulla.
B) cortex.
C) pyramids.
D) columns.

Question 20

Which type of nephron determines the concentration of the urine?

A) Juxtamedullary
B) Midcortical
C) Cortical
D) Medullary

Question 21

A nurse recalls that the superficial cortical nephrons account for ____% of all nephrons.

Question 22

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells?

A) Creatinine
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Renin

Question 23

On average, _____% of renal plasma flow (RPF) to the glomerulus is filtered into the Bowman's capsule.

Question 24

A nurse recalls that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and plasma creatinine (P_cr) concentration are _____ related.

A) directly
B) indirectly
C) inversely
D) not

Question 25

A nurse would chart that a patient is experiencing oliguria when a 24-hour urine output is less than ________ millilitres per day.

Question 26

A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic. Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?

A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyponatremia
C) Increased uric acid secretion
D) Hypermagnesemia

Question 27

Which renal structures drain directly into the calyces? (Select all that apply.)

A) Distal tubule
B) Collecting duct
C) Pyramid
D) Renal pelvis
E) Loop of Henle

Question 28

If a nurse wants to obtain the best estimate of renal function, which test should the nurse monitor?

A) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B) Circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels
C) Volume of urine output
D) Urine-specific gravity

Question 29

The components of the nephron include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Loop of Henle
B) Renal corpuscle
C) Proximal tubule
D) Renal pelvis
E) Convoluted tubule