Deck 4: Values, Attitudes, and Work Behaviour

Question 1

According to Geert Hofstede's research, the most masculine culture is that of

A)Norway.
B)the United States.
C)Japan.
D)Sweden.
E)Canada.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Expatriates working abroad will find it more difficult to adjust to more

A)collective cultures.
B)masculine cultures.
C)power distance cultures.
D)distant countries.
E)distant cultures.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Cultural intelligence encompasses

A)knowledge, skills, and abilities.
B)knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
C)knowledge, motivation, and attitudes.
D)knowledge, motivation, and behaviour.
E)knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In which of the following is work viewed as most important and central in life?

A)Germany
B)The United States
C)Britain
D)Japan
E)The Netherlands

Question 5

Cultures that are flexible in terms of how people are expected to behave and forgiving of violations of expected behaviours are known as

A)feminine cultures.
B)loose cultures.
C)collective cultures.
D)weak cultures.
E)flexible cultures.

Question 6

What does cultural distance refer to?

A)The extent to which cultures differ in beliefs
B)The extent to which cultures differ in attitudes
C)The extent to which cultures differ in work centrality
D)The extent to which cultures differ in values
E)The extent to which cultures differ in geography

Question 7

Which of the following is an accurate description of how Gen Ys and Xers differ from Boomers?

A)Gen Ys and Xers see work as less central, value leisure more, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
B)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central, value leisure more, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
C)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central, value leisure more, and are less inclined towards work-life balance.
D)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central, value leisure less, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
E)Gen Ys and Xers see work as less central, value leisure less, and are less inclined towards work-life balance.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the cultural value of power distance is FALSE?

A)High power distance cultures tend to also be individualistic, rather than collective, cultures.
B)Superiors tend to be accessible in low power distance cultures.
C)In high power distance cultures, the unequal distribution of power is acceptable to members of the culture.
D)Denmark has lower power distance than Mexico.
E)Japan has higher power distance than Canada.

Question 9

The extent to which cultures have more or less strong standards for behaviour and sanctions for deviation from these standards is known as

A)cultural strength versus weakness.
B)cultural rigidity versus flexibility.
C)cultural tightness versus looseness.
D)cultural femininity versus masculinity.
E)cultural narrowness versus openness.

Question 10

In Geert Hofstede's survey of values across cultures, individualistic societies can be contrasted most readily with ________ societies.

A)low power distance
B)collective
C)masculine
D)weak uncertainty avoidance
E)feminine

Question 11

Which of the following best describes tight cultures?

A)Strong high standards for conformity and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards
B)Strong high standards for work centrality and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards
C)Strong clear standards for values and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards
D)Strong, clear standards for behaviour and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards.
E)Strong, clear standards for attitudes and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards.

Question 12

Mika has just interviewed a job applicant for a position in her organization.She asked the applicant what the most important thing to him/her was.The answer was status.What can we conclude about the job applicant?

A)The applicant is a baby boomer.
B)The applicant is a traditionalist.
C)The applicant is a boomer or Gen X.
D)The applicant is a Gen X or Gen Y.
E)The applicant is a boomer or Gen Y.

Question 13

Cultural intelligence refers to

A)the capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments.
B)the capability to understand differences between cultures.
C)the capability to understand the difference between one's own culture and other cultures.
D)the capability for organizations to work in different cultures.
E)the capability to understand how organizations function in different cultures.

Question 14

The capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments is known as

A)cultural astuteness.
B)cultural intelligence.
C)cultural ability.
D)cultural capacity.
E)cultural mobility.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning values is FALSE?

A)Values are randomly distributed across the population.
B)Members of different occupational groups tend to hold different values.
C)Value differences may be responsible for conflict between people from different occupational groups.
D)Values are relatively stable.
E)Values are learned through reinforcement processes.

Question 16

Which of the following makes negotiations, mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures more difficult?

A)Power distance
B)Uncertainty avoidance
C)Cultural deviance
D)Cultural distance
E)Generational distance

Question 17

According to Geert Hofstede's research, the most individualistic culture is that of

A)Venezuela.
B)Japan.
C)the United States.
D)Colombia.
E)Pakistan.

Question 18

In a collective culture

A)it may be a good idea to reward groups rather than individuals.
B)power distance tends to be low.
C)privacy and personal initiatives are stressed.
D)loyalty to one's family or clan are downplayed.
E)interdependence is minimized.

Question 19

What are Gen X and Y more inclined to value than boomers?

A)Challenge and rapid career growth
B)Flexibility and status
C)Flexibility and rapid career growth
D)Status and challenge
E)Status and rapid career growth

Question 20

In general, greater cultural distance

A)impedes communication.
B)impedes decision making.
C)impedes employee performance.
D)impedes problem solving.
E)impedes employee development.

Question 21

Gen Y is more inclined to value status and rapid career growth than are Gen Xers and boomers.

Question 22

Which one of the following countries does NOT have a loose culture?

A)Netherlands
B)Brazil
C)Australia
D)Singapore
E)United States

Question 23

Values are a product of beliefs and attitudes.

Question 24

What do the following countries have in common: Pakistan, Singapore, and Korea?

A)Tight cultures
B)Loose cultures
C)Strong cultures
D)Weak cultures
E)Narrow cultures

Question 25

In societies characterized by high power distance, organizations would tend to emphasize differences in rank and position.

Question 26

Generation X is also known as the Millennials.

Question 27

According to Geert Hofstede's large survey, the United States is one of the most collective societies.

Question 28

In general, baby boomers are seen as more accepting of diversity compared to other generations.

Question 29

In an individualistic culture, distributing rewards according to equity principles rather than equality principles seems like a sensible strategy.

Question 30

Theories of organizational behaviour, such as motivation, are easily transferred to all other cultures.

Question 31

Cultural missteps are most likely in

A)tight cultures.
B)loose cultures.
C)strong cultures.
D)weak cultures.
E)narrow cultures.

Question 32

A large-scale survey of values has shown that Americans rank slightly above the Japanese in the extent to which work is a central life interest.

Question 33

Generation Y is also known as the Millennials.

Question 34

Mika is on her way to her first work assignment in another country.Before she left, her boss told her to be especially careful about how she behaves and to try and avoid cultural missteps.What kind of cultural is Mika is going to be working in?

A)Tight culture
B)Loose culture
C)Strong culture
D)Weak culture
E)Narrow culture

Question 35

Values usually change greatly from day to day.

Question 36

More collective cultures tend to de-emphasize differences in power among their members.

Question 37

What do the following countries have in common: Netherlands, Brazil, Australia, Canada, and the United States?

A)Tight cultures
B)Loose cultures
C)Strong cultures
D)Weak cultures
E)Narrow cultures

Question 38

Gen Ys and Xers compared to Boomers, see work as less central, value leisure more, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.

Question 39

According to Geert Hofstede's large survey, Japan is the most masculine society.

Question 40

Baby boomers are more accepting of diversity than the other generations.

Question 41

People with high cultural intelligence tend to score high on intercultural adjustment, global leadership, and performance in intercultural settings.

Question 42

Canada has a tight culture.

Question 43

In general, cultural distance impedes communication.

Question 44

Cultural distance refers to the extent to which cultures differ in work centrality.

Question 45

Countries with loose cultures include Pakistan, Singapore, and Korea.

Question 46

Most research points to more similarities than differences in values across generations.

Question 47

Cultural intelligence refers to the capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments.

Question 48

Loose cultures tend to have strong, clear standards for behaviour and strong sanctions for deviation from these standards.

Question 49

Cultural missteps are most likely to occur in tight cultures.

Question 50

Cultural intelligence refers to the capability to understand the differences between one's own culture and other cultures.

Question 51

The study on generational values conducted by the Center for Creative Leadership concluded that all generations share the same values but ________.

Question 52

A wide range of behaviours might be susceptible to the tight-loose culture distinction.

Question 53

Cultural intelligence encompasses knowledge, motivation, and behaviour.

Question 54

Cultural intelligence encompasses knowledge, motivation, and performance.

Question 55

Expatriates working abroad will find it more difficult to adjust to more distant cultures.

Question 56

Cultural distance can make negotiations, mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures more likely.

Question 57

Cultural distance has to do with exporting OB theories while cultural intelligence has to do with importing OB theories.

Question 58

Cultural missteps are most likely to occur in loose cultures.

Question 59

Tight cultures tend to have strong, clear standards for behaviour and strong sanctions for deviation from these standards.

Question 60

All work generations share the same values but express them differently.

Question 61

________ nations include Netherlands, Brazil, Australia, Canada, and the United States.

Question 62

In Geert Hofstede's cross-cultural terminology, a high degree of participation in work decisions might not be preferred in high ________ societies.

Question 63

Expatriates working abroad will generally find it more difficult to adjust to more distant ________.

Question 64

Popular literature contains many generational stereotypes.For example, Generation Y are portrayed as being confident, social, demanding of feedback but somewhat ________.

Question 65

Hofstede identified four basic dimensions along which work-related values differ across cultures.Describe all four dimensions and indicate how Canada ranks on each.

Question 66

In Geert Hofstede's cross-cultural research, Venezuela, Colombia, and Pakistan exhibited highly ________ cultures that favoured interdependence over individualism.

Question 67

Cultural ________ is the capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments.

Question 68

In general, cultural distance impedes ________.

Question 69

Cultural distance makes negotiations, mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures more ________.

Question 70

________ cultures are flexible in terms of how people are expected to behave and more forgiving of violations of expected behaviour.

Question 71

Cultural ________ refers to the extent to which cultures differ in values.

Question 72

People with high cultural intelligence score high on intercultural adjustment, ________ leadership, and performance in intercultural settings.

Question 73

Quality circles, total quality management, and just-in-time production are examples of ________ management techniques.

Question 74

In Geert Hofstede's cross-cultural research ________ was the country that exhibited the most masculine of cultures.

Question 75

A wide range of behaviours might be susceptible to the tight-loose distinction, including how one dresses, how rigid social class distinctions are, and how the ________ are expected to interact.

Question 76

________ dictate a broad preference for certain states of affairs over others.

Question 77

________ nations include Pakistan, Singapore, and Korea.

Question 78

________ cultures tend to have strong, clear standards for behaviour and strong sanctions for deviation from these standards.

Question 79

Cultural intelligence encompasses knowledge, ________, and behaviour.

Question 80

Although we should always be alert to cultural differences, extra care is merited in ________ cultures, where there are more opportunities for cultural missteps.