Deck 10: Scaling and Index Construction

Question 1

Which of the following refers to an attitude scale that relies on ratings by judges of scale items?

A)Thurstone Scales
B)Likert Scales
C)Calvin Scales
D)Guttman Scales

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a UCR index offense?

A)Larceny
B)Robbery
C)Burglary
D)Narcotics possession

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following insists that an attitude scale should measure one and only one dimension unidimensionality)?

A)Thurstone Scales
B)Likert Scales
C)Calvin Scales
D)Guttman Scales

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following contain all the elements of nominal and ordinal data and also assume equal distance between objects on a scale?

A)Ordinal level variables
B)Interval level variables
C)Nominal level variables
D)Ratio level variables

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the three major types of attitude scales?

A)Thurstone Scales
B)Likert Scales
C)Calvin Scales
D)Guttman Scales

Question 6

Which of the following consist of a simple summation of usually a five-point bipolar response ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree?

A)Thurstone Scales
B)Likert Scales
C)Calvin Scales
D)Guttman Scales

Question 7

Which of the following represent the simplest level of measurement?

A)Ordinal level variables
B)Interval level variables
C)Nominal level variables
D)Ratio level variables

Question 8

Which of the following refers to levels on which variables may be measured?

A)Nominal
B)Ordinal
C)Interval
D)All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following attitude scaling procedures consists of usually a seven- or nine-point bipolar rating scale where respondents are asked to indicate their perception of the tag or description provided?

A)SMS
B)Semantic differential
C)SMS identical
D)None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following contain all the properties of nominal variables,but they also enable the placement of objects into ranks,that is,highest to lowest?

A)Ordinal level variables
B)Interval level variables
C)Nominal level variables
D)Ratio level variables

Question 11

Which of the following refers to a measurement that places responses in mutually exclusive categories and has no mathematical meaning.

A)Ordinal level variables
B)Interval level variables
C)Nominal level variables
D)Ratio level variables

Question 12

Which of the following not only assume the interval quality of data,but they also have a fixed meaningful zero point?

A)Ordinal level variables
B)Interval level variables
C)Nominal level variables
D)Ratio level variables

Question 13

Which of the following refers to procedures that assign weight or severity rating to various crimes?

A)Sellin-Wolfgang Index
B)Crime Seriousness Scale
C)Niederhoffer Scale
D)Severity of Offense Scale

Question 14

Which of the following refers to the Uniform Crime Reports index that features an attempt to combine the most serious and best measures of recorded crime.

A)Scale index
B)Crime index
C)FBI index
D)UCR index

Question 15

Which of the following refers to an attitudinal scale procedure in which the respondents sort questions on cards)into predetermined categories?

A)Q Sort Method
B)Scientific Method
C)P Sort Method
D)None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is a five-point scale that evaluates the methodological rigor and type of research design of studies?

A)Q Scale
B)Scientific Methods Scale
C)Semantic Scale
D)None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following are developed by the researcher and are based primarily on face validity the scale appears to be measuring what one intends to measure)and professional judgment?

A)Arbitrary scales
B)Random scales
C)Index scales
D)CRM scales

Question 18

Which of the following refers to attempts to increase the complexity of the level of measurement of variables from nominal to at least ordinal and hopefully interval/ratio?

A)Scaling
B)Increasing
C)Aggregate
D)None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following refers to the requirement of the Guttman scale that the items measure only one dimension or concept);this is assumed if ninety percent reproducibility is achieved?

A)Unidimensionality
B)Poly-dimensionality
C)Multi-dimensionality
D)All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following refers to Thurstone's method that used judges to decide scale scores by sorting items into categories?

A)Equal appearing intervals
B)Random appearing intervals
C)Constant appearing intervals
D)None of the above

Question 21

The three major types of attitude scales that have been developed in the social sciences are used in criminology and criminal justice are Thurstone scales,Likert scales,and Guttman scales.

Question 22

Guttman scales were developed as one outcome of a research series conducted by social scientists during World War II.

Question 23

Arbitrary scales are developed by the researcher and are based primarily on face validity the scale appears to be measuring what one intends to measure)and professional judgment.

Question 24

Q sort methodology is a newer variation of the Thurstone process;the respondents rather than the judges place a series of statements into previously predetermined categories.

Question 25

Of the three major types of attitude scales,Guttman was the first to be developed.

Question 26

Nominal level variables represent the simplest level of measurement.

Question 27

Which of the following refers to a scale used to predict the likelihood of future violence?

A)Predictor scale
B)Violent crime predictor scale
C)Lethality assessment scales
D)Forecast scale

Question 28

The purpose of measurement is to make connections between concepts and numbers.

Question 29

Which of the following attempts to forecast crime commission or success or failure on probation/parole?

A)Forecast scale
B)Estimate scale
C)Prediction scale
D)Projection scale

Question 30

The UCR index offenses are those crimes that are considered serious and that the police feel are fairly accurately reported and uniformly measured.

Question 31

Internal level variables contain all the properties of nominal variables,but they also enable the placement of objects into ranks,that is,highest to lowest.

Question 32

Ordinal level variables contain all the elements of nominal and ordinal data and also assume equal distance between objects on a scale.

Question 33

Which of the following tries to account for both the quality seriousness)and the quantity of an act?

A)Sellin-Wolfgang Index
B)Crime Seriousness Scale
C)Niederhoffer Scale
D)Severity of Offense Scale

Question 34

The semantic differential is a five-point scale that evaluates the methodological rigor and type of research design of studies.

Question 35

Thurstone scales consist of a simple summation of usually a five-point bipolar response ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.

Question 36

Ratio level variables not only assume the interval quality of data,but they also have a fixed meaningful zero point.

Question 37

Scaling refers to attempts to decrease the complexity of the level of measurement of variables from ordinal to at least nominal.

Question 38

Which of the following refers to the sentencing/parole prediction scheme used by the U.S.Parole Commission to predict recidivism?

A)Salient Factor Score
B)USPC Factor Score
C)Greenwood Score
D)None of the above

Question 39

A major shortcoming of Likert scaling is that on the basis of the total scale score it is impossible to predict the exact endorsement of each individual item.

Question 40

Which of the following was aimed at selective incapacitation,individualization of sentences on the basis of predictions that particular offenders are likely to commit serious crimes at a high rate if not incarcerated?

A)UCR Index
B)Rand Seven-Factor Index
C)Salient Factor Index
D)None of the above

Question 41

__________ is a five-point scale that evaluates the methodological rigor and type of research design of studies.

Question 42

__________ represent the simplest level of measurement.

Question 43

__________ consist of a simple summation of usually a five-point bipolar response ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.

Question 44

__________ insists that an attitude scale should measure one and only one dimension unidimensionality).

Question 45

__________ is a newer variation of the Thurstone process;the respondents rather than the judges place a series of statements into previously predetermined categories.

Question 46

Simple rating scales measure public rankings of the degrees of relative seriousness of various crimes.

Question 47

__________ are developed by the researcher and are based primarily on face validity the scale appears to be measuring what one intends to measure)and professional judgment.

Question 48

The Sellin-Wolfgang index tries to account for both the quality seriousness)and the quantity of an act.

Question 49

The __________ tries to account for both the quality seriousness)and the quantity of an act.

Question 50

__________ contain all the elements of nominal and ordinal data and also assume equal distance between objects on a scale.

Question 51

The __________ are those crimes that are considered serious and that the police feel are fairly accurately reported and uniformly measured.

Question 52

__________ are attitude scales that rely on ratings by judges of scale items.

Question 53

There are two basic types of crime seriousness severity)scales: simple rating scales and magnitude scales.

Question 54

__________ refers to attempts to increase the complexity of the level of measurement of variables from nominal to at least ordinal and hopefully interval/ratio.

Question 55

The Scientific Methods Scale usually consists of a seven- or nine-point bipolar rating scale in which individuals are asked to indicate their perception of a tag or description that is provided.

Question 56

__________ contain all the properties of nominal variables,but they also enable the placement of objects into ranks,that is,highest to lowest.

Question 57

Guttman scaling insists that an attitudinal scale be based on __________;that is,it should measure one and only one dimension or concept.

Question 58

__________ not only assume the interval quality of data,but they also have a fixed meaningful zero point.

Question 59

The __________ usually consists of a seven- or nine-point bipolar rating scale in which individuals are asked to indicate their perception of a tag or description that is provided.

Question 60

Crime seriousness scales attempt to assign weight to crimes in terms of their relative severity.

Question 61

Identify and discuss the three major types of attitude scales that have been developed in the social sciences are used in criminology and criminal justice.

Question 62

Identify and discuss Likert's scaling procedures.

Question 63

Identify and discuss the four levels on which variables may be measured.

Question 64

Identify and discuss the UCR index offenses.

Question 65

Describe and discuss the Guttman scaling procedures.