Deck 15: Early Medieval Art in Europe

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT a material used in the production of medieval manuscripts?

A) gold leaf
B) semiprecious stones
C) vellum
D) colophon

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Christians in the Muslim territories were called __________.

A) Mozarabs.
B) Mesopotamians
C) Israelites
D) Iranians

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Vikings erected large memorial stones; __________ contained inscriptions and __________ were covered with figural decoration.

A) rune stones; picture stones
B) letter stones; drawing stones
C) alpha stones; omega stones
D) glyph stones; image stones

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The timber churches that survive in rural Norway are called __________ churches, from the four huge staffs that form their structural core.

A) post
B) stanchion
C) stave
D) frame

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the so-called "animal style" which dominated the arts by the fifth century?

A) representation of abstracted serpents, four-legged beasts, and figures
B) exposed ribs and spinal columns
C) a preference for asymmetrical compositions
D) animals depicted fully in profile or from above

Question 6

The development of minuscule, _________________, was a significant contribution of the Carolingian period.

A) a building material that was inexpensively produced
B) a metalworking process for embedding precious stones and glass
C) a new clear, lowercase script that increased the legibility of manuscripts
D) a technique for making small copies of large-scale paintings

Question 7

Mozarabic style combines Christian forms with the artistic style of what culture?

A) African
B) Iberian
C) Egyptian
D) Islamic

Question 8

__________ are people from outside the empire who could only "barble" Greek or Latin.

A) Celts
B) Goths
C) Barbarians
D) Visigoths

Question 9

What is was the most likely use of the Lindisfarne Gospels?

A) It was the primary reference used by monks at the monastery at Lindisfarne.
B) It was read during liturgical services by the bishop of Lindisfarne.
C) It was carried during processionals and displayed on the altar.
D) It was used by a wealthy patron in private devotion.

Question 10

The page with Matthew the Evangelist in the Ebbo Gospels shows Matthew receiving the Word of God from his symbol, the distant __________.

A) lion
B) lamb
C) angel
D) physician

Question 11

A cornerstone of Christian philosophy is the text of __________.

A) The City of God
B) The Realm of the Lord
C) The Gospel of Paul
D) The Word of Matthew

Question 12

Why did Celtic Christians develop their own liturgical practices and distinctive artistic traditions?

A) They refused to accept the authority of Bishop of Rome.
B) They had little contact with Rome until the sixth century.
C) Celtic mythological beliefs prevailed over Christianity among the general population.
D) None of the above.

Question 13

The burial site discovered at Sutton Hoo revealed the grave's occupant had been buried in a ________________.

A) bed
B) ship
C) throne
D) stone sarcophagus

Question 14

Seafaring bands of Norse seamen were called __________ or "people from the coves."

A) Scandinavians
B) Danes
C) Vikings
D) Soviets

Question 15

The Book of Kells was produced on __________, an animal skin prepared for writing.

A) papyrus
B) paper
C) deckles
D) vellum

Question 16

The

A) the artist intentionally suppressed classical style to emphasize local artistic tradition
B) the artist wanted to emphasize strong connections to Rome
C) the artist was not aware of the use of modeling and illusionistic techniques in painting
D) the artist completed two similar versions of the same scene

Question 17

Much of our knowledge of Merovingian art is based on the discovery of their _________________.

A) architecture
B) jewelry
C) pottery
D) paintings

Question 18

Charlemagne's private chapel was in the city of __________.

A) Prague
B) Aachen
C) Heidelberg
D) Strasburg

Question 19

Which material was NOT used by Ottonian artists?

A) ivory
B) stone
C) wood
D) bronze

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of Irish high crosses?

A) They were influenced by metalworking traditions.
B) They sometimes hold sacred relics.
C) The circular form may serve as a functional support for the arms.
D) Their name is based on their large size.

Question 21

The animated poses of the angels and mourners on the cover of the Lindau Gospels are similar to the energetic expressionism of ____________.

A) the Book of Durrow
B) the Coronation Gospels
C) the Utrecht Psalter
D) the Gospels of Otto III

Question 22

Which Roman prototype provided an artistic model for realizing Charlemagne's vision of "the Renewal of the Roman Empire"?

A) equestrian portraits of the emperor
B) basilica-plan churches
C) illuminated manuscripts
D) all of the above

Question 23

Maius's illustrations for Beatus's Commentary on the Apocalype reveals the bold patterns and colorful forms that characterizes the____________.

A) animal style
B) Mozarabic style
C) classicizing style
D) Carolingian style

Question 24

The Vikings erected large memorial ______ stones, which are covered with inscriptions in the twig-like letters of an early Germanic alphabet.

A) rune
B) animal style
C) stave
D) celtic

Question 25

The Latin script letters used to create illustrated books were either __________ (capitals) or __________ (lowercase).

A) rune; vernacular
B) majuscules; minuscules
C) alpha; omega
D) chi rho; incipit

Question 26

Both crosses and _________ appear on the gables of the Borgund Stave Church in Norway to guard the church and its congregation from trolls and demons.

A) angels
B) eagles
C) orbs
D) dragon heads

Question 27

How does the Page with St. Matthew the Evangelist from the Ebbo Gospels demonstrate Carolingian innovation in manuscript illumination?

A) the use of a landscape setting
B) the energetic, spontaneous painting style
C) the modeling of the figure and drapery
D) the figure's foot resting on an upturned stepstool

Question 28

The Doors of Bishop Bernward in Hildesheim are notable as the most complex __________ since antiquity.

A) iconographic program
B) bronze-casting project
C) use of narrative sculpture relief
D) none of the above

Question 29

Charlemagne established a dynasty and an empire known today as "__________."

A) Carolingian
B) Ottonian
C) Merovingian
D) Frankish

Question 30

Much Scandinavian architecture consisted of wooden frames filled with __________, or woven branches covered with mud or other substances.

A) mortar
B) waddle-and-daub
C) runes
D) louver

Question 31

Which architectural feature of Charlemagne's Palace Chapel at Aachen did NOT derive from Roman or Early Christian sources?

A) the central octagonal plan
B) the monumental westwork
C) the wall and ceiling decoration
D) the ground-level ambulatory

Question 32

In the early 900s, a new Saxon dynasty came to power in lands corresponding roughly to present-day Germany and Austria; this dynasty was known as the __________ dynasty.

A) Ottonian
B) Hiberno-Saxon
C) Merovingian
D) Carolingian

Question 33

Most Carolingian churches followed the __________plan.

A) martyrium
B) cross
C) basilica
D) central

Question 34

During Medieval times, books were either written on __________ or __________.

A) tablets; wax
B) vellum; parchment.
C) scrolls; paper
D) stone; textile

Question 35

One of the most famous Carolingian manuscripts, the __________ uses ink drawings to illustrate the words and images of individual psalms literally.

A) Ebbo Gospels
B) Book of Durrow
C) Lindisfarne Gospels
D) Utrecht Psalter

Question 36

A culture, as well as an artistic style, the __________ was a fusion of Celtic, Romanized British, Germanic, and Norse cultures.

A) barbarian
B) Carolingians
C) Hiberno-Saxon
D) Franks

Question 37

The entrance block or _____________ came to function symbolically as a sign of an important building

A) ambulatory
B) stave church
C) refectory
D) westwork

Question 38

Why did many Ottonian cathedrals burn down in the eleventh century?

A) Muslim invaders destroyed them.
B) The number of wooden sculptures made them susceptible to fire.
C) Riots protesting imperial rule led to massive destruction.
D) Their timber roofs made them susceptible to fire.

Question 39

What structure is at the center of the Saint Gall Plan which reflects the basic design used in the layout of medieval monasteries?

A) a large basilican church
B) the monk's living quarters
C) a cloister
D) the dining room

Question 40

In addition to the energetic painting characterizing the Hitda Gospels , the Gospels of Otto III show another Ottonian style, which was influenced by __________art in its sharply outlined drawings and lavish fields of gold.

A) Islamic
B) Hiberno-Saxon
C) Byzantine
D) Early Christian

Question 41

The _________________ reflects the basic design of medieval monasteries.

A) westwork
B) cloister
C) Saint Gall Plan
D) stave church

Question 42

What were the uses of books during the Carolingian empire?

Question 43

Why were manuscript covers often reused or stolen?

Question 44

What were the special needs of the monastic community?

Question 45

What artifacts were contained in the burial ship at Sutton Hoo?

Question 46

What are common themes for medieval book covers and what are examples of each?

Question 47

Supported by the Carolingians _____________ was to become the dominant form of monasticism throughout Europe.

A) Merovingian
B) Benedictine
C) Celtic
D) Ionian

Question 48

What was the result of St. Augustine's successful mission?

Question 49

How does the life of Galla Placidia bring the fall of the Roman Empire to life?

Question 50

Images of ____________ were adorned with Viking jewelry, houses, beds, wagons and more.

A) floral motifs
B) warrior figures
C) shields and weapons
D) gripping beasts

Question 51

What artistic elements characterize the Book of Kells ?

Question 52

How does the artist of the Gospels of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims portray St. Matthew ?

Question 53

What was the appearance of the new style that emerged in Scandinavia and the British Isles in the tenth century?

Question 54

How did the Norse use animal style in their art?

Question 55

What was the fate of most Ottonian architecture and why?

Question 56

What did the Oseberg Ship contain and what was its intended use?

Question 57

Monumental stone crosses were influenced by ____________.

A) metalworking traditions
B) architecture
C) imperial sculpture
D) catacomb painting

Question 58

The picture stone ordered by Harald the Bluetooth depicts __________________.

A) a Viking ship
B) runes
C) Christ with outstretched arms
D) a battle

Question 59

What are the two types of Scandinavian timber construction?

Question 60

What time period is considered to be the Middle Ages?

Question 61

How did the Vikings affect the art world; what specific artistic trends did they set?

Question 62

How do the arts of the Carolingian dynasty compare with the Ottonian dynasty?

Question 63

What do the Doors of Bishop Bernward depict ?

Question 64

What influences of the Roman Empire were seen in the Carolingian and Ottonian dynasties?