Deck 13: Development and Underdevelopment

Question 1

Import substitution industrialization (ISI)is a policy devised to

A) promote industrial development by substituting domestic manufactures for imported ones.
B) promote industrial development by substituting imported manufactures for domestic ones.
C) take advantage of single commodity export strength.
D) None of the above is true.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Some critics suggest that many Western theories of economic and political development failed to anticipate the economic stagnation and political repression in much of the developing world,because a crucial flaw in Western theory was that it focuses

A) mostly on foreign,not domestic forces.
B) mostly on domestic,not foreign forces.
C) on domestic and foreign forces,but ignored economic issues.
D) solely on political forces,but not economic issues.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Almost ____ percent of the global population live in low-income countries.

A) 12
B) 32
C) 52
D) 72

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Of the world's 33 million people living with HIV,__________ live in sub-Saharan Africa.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-fourths

Question 5

The UNDP's HDI takes into account

A) GDP.
B) life expectancy.
C) adult literacy.
D) all of the above.

Question 6

One main reason why the gap between the rich and poor is a gap between North and South is

A) the Northern hemisphere developed at the expense of the Southern Hemisphere.
B) the prevalence of disease and the subsequent fertility response.
C) colonialism,imperialism,and globalism.
D) Northern countries dominate the global trading rules and agenda and tend to exploit Southern countries.

Question 7

The UN Development Program's human development index includes these measures:

A) population growth,population wealth,GDP per capita,and military spending.
B) disease prevention,political system,population size,and GDP per capita.
C) life expectancy,adult literacy,school enrollment,and GDP per capita.
D) GDP per capita,adult literacy,population growth,and social development.

Question 8

Some gaps between North and the South countries continue to widen-especially differences in

A) population growth.
B) life expectancy.
C) adult literacy.
D) wealth and income.

Question 9

More than ______ of the 2.5 billion people added since 1975 live in the developing countries.

A) 50 percent
B) 60 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of the positive aspect of interdependence?

A) Security dilemma
B) Arms races
C) Integration
D) Nuclear strategy

Question 11

On a per capita basis,citizens in high-income countries consume _____ times more electricity than their counterparts in low-income countries.

A) 25
B) 38
C) 43
D) 55

Question 12

World system theorists argue that when countries of the periphery became politically sovereign,or independent,in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,their ruling elites

A) cut off all economic ties with the world economy.
B) cut off all political ties with the world economy.
C) cut off political and economic ties with the world economy.
D) maintained close economic ties to the world economy.

Question 13

The amount of capital (or goods)that can be obtained in exchange for one's exports can be simply referred to as

A) profit motive.
B) dependency.
C) terms of trade.
D) import-export balance.

Question 14

Comparing countries and regions in terms of their levels of development is a(n)________ exercise.

A) futile
B) easy
C) difficult
D) impossible

Question 15

A theory that suggests that urbanization,secularization,and cultural tolerance that encourage an entrepreneurial spirit are the product of the dismissal of traditional practices is known as

A) dependency theory.
B) modernization theory.
C) world-systems theory.
D) self-reliance theory.

Question 16

The North-South gap refers to the

A) discrepancy in human and economic development levels between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
B) discrepancy in development of nuclear weapons between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
C) low level of development in the Northern hemisphere and the high level of development in the Southern hemisphere.
D) discrepancy in natural resource levels between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

Question 17

The prices of a country's exports relative to its imports are known as the _________.

A) trade balance
B) equity of trade
C) terms of trade
D) trade level

Question 18

Comparing countries and regions in terms of their levels of development is a difficult exercise because

A) many countries do not report the necessary information.
B) no one country is willing to collect the information.
C) there are differing views about what exactly "development" means.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 19

One difficulty in assessing the development level of a given country is

A) there are differing views about what development actually is.
B) there are different measures for development.
C) some people refuse to believe it can be measured.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 20

____ percent of people on the earth live in high-income countries.

A) Sixteen
B) Thirty-six
C) Fifty-six
D) Seventy-six

Question 21

______ took self-reliance to an extreme and withdrew from the world economy from the 1950s through the 1970s.

A) China
B) Cuba
C) Russia
D) India

Question 22

At the end of 2011,the foreign debt of all developing and emerging market economies was more than $______trillion.

A) 1.5
B) 2
C) 3.5
D) 5.4

Question 23

The coordinated action by state or nonstate actors to control the production and distribution of a good to have influence over its market price is known as a

A) trade barrier.
B) cartel.
C) trading bloc.
D) regime.

Question 24

A possible strategy for economic development aimed at raising the living standards of the poorest parts of the population such as providing subsidized rice,health care,education,and transportation is often called the

A) decent growth strategy.
B) by-the-bootstrap strategy.
C) contra-dependent development strategy.
D) basic-needs strategy.

Question 25

In the 1970s,many less-developed countries (LDCs)proposed a program of collective international action aimed at lessening their levels of dependence that was called the

A) new international economic order (NIEO).
B) contra-dependent development scheme (CDDS).
C) UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
D) international industrialization promotion (IIP).

Question 26

Export-oriented industrialized (EOI)countries often experienced __________ inward-oriented LDCs.

A) faster growth rates than
B) slower growth rates than
C) marginal growth rates than
D) about the same growth rates as

Question 27

Democracy emerged in Latin American and parts of East Asia as a result of the

A) economic development that created a middle class.
B) external demands that required democratization as a condition of loans.
C) failure of military dictatorships to improve living conditions.
D) political leadership emphasizing citizen participation in the public sphere.

Question 28

In international negotiations,LDCs have consistently sought to restructure tariff schedules so that they could

A) import more manufactured goods from industrialized countries.
B) export more manufactured goods to industrialized countries.
C) import more manufactured goods from developing countries.
D) export more manufactured goods to developing countries.

Question 29

In making loans to highly indebted countries,the International Monetary Fund typically insists on

A) structural adjustment.
B) democratically elected governments.
C) high interest rates.
D) human rights reforms.

Question 30

The New International Economic Order included the following demands

A) change market conditions of trade in primary commodities.
B) increased developmental assistance and debt relief.
C) promotion of industrialization in the LDCs.
D) All of the above were demands of the NIEO.

Question 31

The clearest example of a cartel is

A) OPEC.
B) OECD.
C) G-8.
D) EU.

Question 32

Mancur Olson concluded that democracy is more conducive to economic development than other regime types because

A) rulers in democracies are interested in power and wealth.
B) rulers in democracies use democratic policies to support economic growth.
C) rulers in autocracies consume state resources irrationally.
D) rulers in autocracies fail to develop income redistribution plans.

Question 33

The economic prerequisites argument emphasizes

A) economic development coming before democracy.
B) economic openness to attract foreign investment.
C) economic policies aimed at correcting income inequality.
D) economic restructuring prior to removing trade barriers.

Question 34

Which one of the following is NOT a view of international distributive justice?

A) Utilitarian
B) Communitarian
C) Rawlsian
D) Cosmopolitan

Question 35

For which of the following commodities has a successful cartel been established?

A) Bauxite
B) Copper
C) Petroleum
D) Bananas

Question 36

In order to emphasize the corrupting influence of Western consumerism,radical theorists have coined the term ____________.

A) television-imperialism
B) coca-colonization
C) cultural-colonialism
D) McDonalds-globalization

Question 37

In 2009,low- and middle-income countries accounted for _______ of world exports of manufactured goods.

A) 10 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 25 percent

Question 38

Nobel-prize winning economist,Amartya Sen,showed the _____________ between men and women in many developing countries.

A) indigenous role equality
B) glaring inequalities
C) relative political equality
D) moderate gender differences

Question 39

In societies marked by relative equality,economic growth

A) is more likely to foster conflict.
B) is less likely to foster conflict.
C) is more likely to foster cooperation.
D) is less likely to foster cooperation.

Question 40

The relationship between economic development and democracy is

A) strongly correlated.
B) loosely correlated.
C) not correlated.
D) not yet determined.

Question 41

What is the difference between import-oriented industrialization and export-oriented industrialization? Which development strategy is better? Explain and provide examples.

Question 42

What distinguishes the NICs from the LDCs? Explain.

Question 43

What are the links between development and democracy? Which comes first? Explain and provide examples.

Question 44

What is the North-South gap,and what explains the gap? Provide examples.

Question 45

What is international court of justice and can it ease the North-South gap? Provide examples