Deck 7: Summarizing Research Results: Data Reduction and Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

What does the chi-square statistic compares?

A) mean scores in different groups
B) range of scores in different groups
C) distribution of scores in different groups
D) distribution of means in different groups

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following are TRUE of descriptive statistics?

A) summarize complex data
B) analyze complex data
C) show population parameters
D) analyze sample types

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which one of the following lists shows measures of dispersion only?

A) mean, median, and mode
B) mode, maximum, and minimum
C) mean, median, and maximum
D) range, minimum, and maximum

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Statistics that describe the relationship among three or more variables are known as ______ statistics.

A) multivariate
B) univariate
C) bivariate
E) polyvariate

Question 5

Statistical calculations can help us decide everything EXCEPT ______.

A) whether there are significant differences among groups of people
B) whether there are significant relationships among variables
C) what level of confidence we can have when we attempt to generalize our findings
D) who we should survey

Question 6

Which one of the following is NOT true of descriptive statistics?

A) summarize complex data
B) show how the data vary
C) show population parameters
D) show if different groups of people differ in some way

Question 7

Which one of the following is NOT a measure of dispersion?

A) minimum
B) maximum
C) mean
D) range

Question 8

Anomalous data may be dealt with by all methods EXCEPT ______.

A) not analyzing them
B) analyzing them along with other data
C) analyzing them separately from other data
D) replacing the anomalous data with an average of the rest of the data

Question 9

The statistics minimum, maximum, range, variance, and standard deviation are in a class of statistics known as ______.

A) measures of correlation
B) measures of disbursement
C) measures of dispersion
D) descriptive statistics

Question 10

Mean, median, and mode are in a class of statistics known as ______.

A) inferential
B) descriptive
C) nonlinear
D) computational

Question 11

Standard deviation is the ______ variance.

A) square of
B) square-root of
C) range of
D) mean of

Question 12

Statistics that describe the relationship between two variables are known as ______ statistics.

A) multivariate
B) univariate
C) bivariate
D) polyvariate

Question 13

Data a researcher discovers to be very different in nature from either expected results or the main body of data are referred to as ______.

A) androgynous
B) anthropological
C) anomalous
D) anastigmatic

Question 14

Mean, mode, and median are measures of ______.

A) dispersion
B) distortion
C) correlation
D) central tendency

Question 15

The formula for calculating chi-square includes ______.

A) median
B) values expected to be found
C) the number of individuals in the group
D) mode

Question 16

The chi-square test is used to assess whether groups differ on which of the following types of variables?

A) bivariate and univariate
B) linear and curvilinear
C) nominal and ordinal
D) interval and ratio

Question 17

In communication research, the word "metric" refers to ______.

A) use of the metric system in research reporting
B) use of scales ranging between 1 and 10
C) use of scales ranging between 100 and 1,000
D) units of measurement

Question 18

Anomalous data are data that ______.

A) are not anticipated by the researcher
B) are anticipated by the researcher
C) cannot be analyzed quantitatively
D) cannot be used for ethical reasons

Question 19

The formula for calculating variance includes everything EXCEPT ______.

A) scores for each individual in a group
B) the mean score for the group
C) the number of individuals in the group
D) a description of the population

Question 20

Which one of the following lists shows measures of central tendency only?

A) range, maximum, and minimum
B) mean, median, and mode
C) mean, median, and maximum
D) mean, minimum, and maximum

Question 21

Professionalism demands that you analyze all the data in a data set, not just part of it.

Question 22

The chi-square test looks for differences in average scores between two groups.

Question 23

Mean, median, and mode all summarize data in the same way.

Question 24

The term "median" refers to the ______ in a data set.

A) score that appears most frequently
B) score with equal numbers of scores on either side of it
C) lowest score
D) average score

Question 25

If you know the mean and median values of a data set, you will automatically know the value of the mode.

Question 26

Which one of the following is not a measure of central tendency?

A) mean
B) median
C) average
D) variance

Question 27

Minimum, maximum, and range are all measures of central tendency.

Question 28

A data set consists of all the data from a research project.

Question 29

The term "mode" refers to the ______ in a data set.

A) most frequent score
B) midrange score
C) lowest score
D) average score

Question 30

Mean, median, and mode are all measures of dispersion.

Question 31

Which one of the following lists does NOT show measures of dispersion?

A) minimum and maximum
B) maximum and range
C) mean and mode
D) minimum and range

Question 32

The range of values for a variable is the difference between the median and maximum values.

Question 33

Degrees of freedom is an estimate of the number of independent pieces of information on which an estimate is based.

Question 34

Statistical procedures cannot summarize complex quantitative data.

Question 35

Minimum, maximum, and range are all measures of dispersion.

Question 36

The term "frequencies" refers to the average number of times a particular value occurs.

Question 37

The term "range" refers to the difference between the ______ in a data set.

A) most frequent score and the least frequent score
B) highest and the lowest scores
C) highest score and the mean
D) mean and the median

Question 38

Mean, median, and mode are all measures of central tendency.

Question 39

"Degrees of freedom" is a term that reflects the number of______.

A) different statistical tests that were run on a data set
B) times data were reanalyzed to confirm initial findings
C) different ways data could be combined and still produce the same statistical results
D) times that a population can be repeatedly sampled

Question 40

The term "mean" refers to the ______ in a data set.

A) most frequent score
B) midrange score
C) lowest score
D) average score

Question 41

Explain mean, median, and mode and how they differ.

Question 42

Inferential statistics help us make generalizations about a population from a smaller sample of that population.

Question 43

Standard deviation is the square root of variance.

Question 44

Variance is the square root of standard deviation.

Question 45

The chi-square test assesses the differences in the distribution of data between groups.

Question 46

Variance and standard deviation standardize different measures so we can compare them "on a level playing field."

Question 47

Identify and explain three main uses of statistics.

Question 48

A z-score is the number of units of standard deviation a value is above or below the mean.

Question 49

A z-score is the number of times any one score appears in a data set.

Question 50

Explain the purpose of the chi-square test and identify the type of data used to compute it.

Question 51

Explain minimum, maximum, range, variance, and standard deviation.

Question 52

Contingency tables show the relationship between two or more variables.

Question 53

The larger the standard deviation of a variable, the wider its range of scores on either side of the mean.

Question 54

Descriptive statistics help us make generalizations about a population from a smaller sample of that population.

Question 55

Explain with examples the difference between categorical and continuous data. Why do we need to know what type of data we are using?

Question 56

The term "frequencies" refers to the number of times a particular score occurs.

Question 57

Explain, with examples, how measures of dispersion differ from measures of central tendency.

Question 58

Anomalous data must be dealt with by not analyzing it.

Question 59

Variance is a measure of the extent to which scores in a data set vary.

Question 60

Explain the purpose of a z-score and how it is calculated.