Deck 15: Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Question 1

Small circular molecules of DNA in bacteria ____.  

A) are plasmids
B) are DNA fragments from their main chromosome
C) result from the activity of restriction enzymes
D) are eventually degraded
E) cannot survive outside of the cell

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Bacterial ____ may be used as cloning vectors.  

A) transcriptase
B) ligase
C) endonuclease
D) plasmids
E) polymerase

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A(n)____ includes the entire genome.  

A) cDNA library
B) transcribed library
C) genomic library
D) RNA library
E) plasmid library

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A collection of host cells that house cloned fragments representing expressed genes is a____.  

A) cDNA library.
B) transcribed library.
C) genomic library.
D) RNA library.
E) plasmid library.

Question 5

Which genes are probably being transferred from transgenic plants to non-transgenic ones via pollen carried by wind or insects?  

A) Insecticide resistance
B) Glyphosate resistance
C) Antibacterial resistance
D) Early ripening
E) ?-carotene

Question 6

RNA can be used as a template for the production of DNA through the action of ____.  

A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) reverse transcriptase
D) ligase
E) restriction endonuclease

Question 7

Recombinant DNA is any DNA that ____.  

A) has been cut by restriction enzymes
B) is at least four to eight base pairs in length
C) has had its gene sequence rearranged
D) consists of DNA from two or more organisms of the same or different species
E) inserted into plasmids

Question 8

Which enzyme joins the paired sticky ends of DNA fragments?  

A) Reverse transcriptase
B) Restriction enzyme
C) DNA ligase
D) DNA polymerase
E) Polynucleotide kinase

Question 9

Probes for cloned genes use ____.  

A) complementary nucleotide sequences tagged with a detectable label
B) specific antibodies that kill all the cells
C) specific enzymes that lyse all the cells
D) certain bacteria that glow when they take up the genes
E) DNA ligase

Question 10

cDNA ____.  

A) does not contain exons
B) is produced from tRNA
C) production utilizes reverse transcriptase
D) begins as a hybrid between two mRNA molecules
E) is present only in bacteria

Question 11

Enzymes used to cut genes in recombinant DNA research are known as ____.  

A) ligases
B) restriction enzymes
C) transcriptases
D) DNA polymerases
E) replicases

Question 12

The following question refers to the figure above illustrating the initial steps in the formation of recombinant DNA.

-What is used to cut the DNA in panels 1 and 2?

A) Restriction enzymes
B) Reverse transcriptase
C) DNA polymerases
D) RNA polymerases
E) DNA ligases

Question 13

Restriction enzymes cut double-stranded DNA _____.  

A) at noncoding areas between genes
B) at specific base sequences
C) between bacterial and viral DNAs
D) between purines and pyrimidines
E) between promoter and operator DNA sequences

Question 14

In step 2 (above)in the identification of the colony that contains a targeted gene,____.  

A) bacterial cells are cloned
B) bacterial colonies are transferred
C) bacterial cells are ruptured
D) DNA is lysed
E) cells with the targeted gene are identified

Question 15

In panel 4,the base-paired DNA fragments are joined together with ____.  

A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) reverse transcriptase
D) DNA ligase
E) restriction endonuclease

Question 16

In order for DNA molecules to undergo recombination,____.

A) they must be from the same species
B) their strands must separate as in replication
C) they must be cut and spliced at specific nucleotide sequences
D) one of the two DNA strands must be degraded
E) they must first be transcribed

Question 17

Farmers often spray spores of which bacterial species that make a protein toxic only to some insect larvae?  

A) Aspergillus niger
B) Proteobacteria
C) Verticillium
D) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
E) Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 18

The molecule that can carry foreign DNA into host cells is a(n)____.  

A) cloning vector
B) transcriptase
C) DNA ligase
D) endonuclease
E) DNA polymerase

Question 19

Bacteria use restriction enzymes to ____.  

A) integrate viral DNA
B) destroy viral DNA
C) prevent mutation of their DNA
D) copy their genes
E) inhibit the expression of some of their genes

Question 20

A Ti plasmid carrying a foreign gene is inserted into which bacterium that infects a plant cell?  

A) Phytomyxea
B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
C) Proteobacteria
D) Verticillium
E) Arabidopsis thaliana

Question 21

One of the first successful applications of genetic engineering was the commercial production of ____.  

A) clotting factor
B) insulin
C) hemoglobin
D) collagen
E) human growth factor

Question 22

The use of SNPs for analyzing genomes is based on ____.  

A) the nucleotide base pairing in the SNPs
B) the types of nucleotides in the SNPs
C) differences in SNPs among individuals
D) the ratio of purines to pyrimidines in SNPs
E) bonding patterns between nucleotides in the SNPs

Question 23

Figure 15.7

The accompanying figure illustrates ____.  

A) the production of recombinant DNA
B) probing for transferred genes
C) DNA fingerprinting
D) DNA sequencing
E) producing radioactive probes

Question 24

For the polymerase chain reaction to occur,____.  

A) the reaction temperature must be cycled from low to high
B) all DNA fragments must be identical
C) the DNA must remain double stranded
D) a sticky end must be available for the ligase enzyme to function
E) a large sample of DNA is needed

Question 25

Genetic engineering of animals is done for the following benefits except  

A) the production of human gene products for medical therapies.
B) the preservation of endangered animal species.
C) faster growth of food animals.
D) research into genes that cause genetic disorders in humans.
E) disease resistance in food animals.

Question 26

SNP-chips are used ____.  

A) to sequence DNA.
B) in DNA profiling
C) for full genome sequencing
D) in PCR
E) with short tandem repeat profiling

Question 27

Researchers can deliver genes into plants by using ____.  

A) PCR
B) DNA sequencing
C) electric or chemical shocks
D) gel electrophoresis
E) DNA segmentation

Question 28

Gene therapy ____.  

A) has not yet been used successfully with mammals
B) is a surgical technique that replaces defective genes with normal genes
C) has been used successfully to treat victims of autosomal dominant disorders by replacing the dominant allele with a recessive allele
D) is a genetic engineering technique that replaces defective alleles with normal ones
E) is only possible in adults

Question 29

The use of traditional cross-breeding in developing breeds with desired characteristics is limited by __________  

A) the short generation times of animals.
B) large litter sizes.
C) whether individuals with the desired traits will inter-breed.
D) traits with specific inheritance patterns.
E) traits that are controlled by a single gene.

Question 30

Today's automated DNA sequencing machines can sequence an individual's entire genome in ____.  

A) a few hours
B) a few days
C) a few weeks
D) a few months
E) a year

Question 31

Genetic engineering started with ____.  

A) bacteria
B) viruses
C) multicellular fungi
D) plants
E) animals

Question 32

Human insulin,which does not provoke allergic reactions,has been produced by transgenic E.coli since ____.  

A) 1952
B) 1962
C) 1972
D) 1982
E) 1992

Question 33

Gel electrophoresis separates the DNA fragments according to ____.  

A) their stage in replication
B) their size
C) their ability to bind to the gel
D) the orientation of the nucleotides in the fragment
E) their type

Question 34

The primers in PCR are ____.  

A) fragments of mRNA
B) designed to base pair with mRNA
C) free nucleotides
D) radioactive
E) needed to initiate the reaction

Question 35

Genetic engineering has produced which of the following animals?  

A) Wild caught salmon
B) Pigs
C) Dolly the sheep
D) Cows resistant to mad cow disease
E) Grass-fed beef

Question 36

Identifying an individual by his or her DNA is referred to as ____.  

A) structural genomics
B) genomic fingerprinting
C) RNA profiling
D) DNA profiling
E) individual genomics

Question 37

Which antibacterial protein in human milk,produced in transgenic goats,may protect infants and children in developing countries from acute diarrheal disease?  

A) Human hepcidins
B) Lysozyme
C) Human dermcidin
D) Antimicrobial neuropeptides
E) Human defensins

Question 38

The results of the treatment of 20 boys with SCID-X1 showed that ____.  

A) SCID-X1 can be cured through genetic engineering
B) none of those treated were cured of the disease
C) a bone marrow transplant can cure SCID-X1
D) our understanding of the human genome exceeds our ability to modify it
E) the "treatment" caused numerous unforeseen complications.

Question 39

The insertion of a therapeutic gene into chromosomes at a site near a proto-oncogene unexpectedly caused which disease in boys with an X-linked genetic disorder?  

A) Autoimmune diseases
B) Fungal diseases
C) Leukemia
D) Alzheimer's disease
E) AIDS

Question 40

Which statement is true?  

A) There is no danger involved in recombinant DNA research in humans.
B) There is no danger involved in recombinant DNA research in bacteria.
C) There is no danger in releasing recombinant organisms into the environment.
D) Stringent safety rules make the use of recombinant DNA research possible.
E) Stringent safety rules make the use of recombinant DNA research impossible.

Question 41

__________ can reveal the order of nucleotide bases in a fragment of DNA.

Question 42

cDNA libraries are desirable for the expression of eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes because

A) prokaryotes have no mRNA.
B) prokaryotes cannot remove introns.
C) prokaryotes cannot remove exons.
D) prokaryotes do not have the nucleotide thymine.
E) prokaryotes can only use uracil.

Question 43

To answer the following questions refer to the four items listed below.
a.cDNA
b.Restriction enzymes
c.Reverse transcriptase
d.DNA library
This is a collection of host cells that house cloned genomic DNA.

Question 44

To answer the following questions, refer to the five items listed below:
a.restriction enzymes
b.recombinant DNA
c.plasmids
d.clones
e.restriction sites
The combination of a foreign piece of DNA with the DNA of another organism.

Question 45

________,a viral enzyme,is used to convert single-stranded RNA into ___________ for cloning.

Question 46

To answer the following questions refer to the four items listed below.
a.cDNA
b.Restriction enzymes
c.Reverse transcriptase
d.DNA library
This is a nuclease whose function is to cut apart foreign DNA entering a cell.

Question 47

To answer the following questions refer to the four items listed below.
a.cDNA
b.Restriction enzymes
c.Reverse transcriptase
d.DNA library
This is an enzyme used to produce DNA without introns.

Question 48

To answer the following questions refer to the four items listed below.
a.cDNA
b.Restriction enzymes
c.Reverse transcriptase
d.DNA library
This is any DNA made from mRNA transcripts.

Question 49

In DNA cloning,__________ cut DNA into pieces.

Question 50

Studying the genomes of other species is helpful for the following except

A) discovering the function of human genes.
B) discovering new genes that can be used to solve human problems
C) revealing the evolutionary history of genes.
D) studying shifts in protein production within an organism.
E) unraveling complex inheritance patterns.

Question 51

What is the main goal for making engineered "golden rice"?

A) Make rice attractive to pollinators
B) Make rice crops resistant to pests
C) Make rice more nutritious
D) Enable rice crops to withstand drought conditions
E) Wind-proof rice crops

Question 52

To answer the following questions refer to the four items listed below.
a.cDNA
b.Restriction enzymes
c.Reverse transcriptase
d.DNA library
This is from a viral source and catalyzes reactions to construct DNA strands from mRNA.

Question 53

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)uses ________,nucleotides,and a heat-resistant DNA polymerase to rapidly increase the number of molecules of a DNA fragment.

Question 54

To answer the following questions, refer to the five items listed below:
a.restriction enzymes
b.recombinant DNA
c.plasmids
d.clones
e.restriction sites
These are bacterial populations containing thousands or millions of identical copies of one to several genes.

Question 55

To answer the following questions, refer to the five items listed below:
a.restriction enzymes
b.recombinant DNA
c.plasmids
d.clones
e.restriction sites
The pieces of DNA that are moved by a genetic engineer from one organism to another are first incorporated into these.

Question 56

A process in which a gene fragment is delivered to an individual's target chromosome and spread throughout a population,such as that used to prevent transmission of malaria through mosquitoes,is called a _________.

A) gene drive
B) gene translocation
C) gene disk
D) gene fragmentation
E) gene library

Question 57

To answer the following questions, refer to the five items listed below:
a.restriction enzymes
b.recombinant DNA
c.plasmids
d.clones
e.restriction sites
The function of these is to cut apart foreign DNA molecules.

Question 58

__________ are multiple copies of a short DNA sequence that occur at a given locus.