Deck 4: Sampling, How to Select a Few to Represent the Many

Question 1

Dr.Van Offer is considering a research study of lung cancer caused by smoking.What population parameter would he most likely look for in the entire population?

A)people who are obese and have lung cancer
B)people who are smokers and have lung cancer
C)diabetics who have lung cancer
D)people with tooth decay and lung cancer

Answer 1

B

Question 2

First thing that a researcher needs to do when using random sampling is

A)locate the exact selected elements.
B)develop an accurate sampling frame.
C)call sample numbers.
D)do calculations.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following might be an appropriate sample frame for a population aged 16 -18?

A)telephone directory
B)public property tax record
C)school registration
D)birth announcements

Answer 3

C

Question 4

One limitation of this type of sampling is that the researcher only captures the diversity of a few predetermined population characteristics.

A)purposive
B)quota
C)random
D)convenience

Question 5

A researcher might use purposive sampling by

A)using snowball sampling.
B)getting a broad overview of sources.
C)picking subjects he meets on the street.
D)selecting cases from a specific,difficult-to-reach population.

Question 6

One key feature of random samples:

A)must make substitutions whenever necessary.
B)must use a selection process based on the researcherȇs preference.
C)must identify and pick a particular sampling element,rarely using substitutions.
D)must select the exact elements in the sample.

Question 7

Mr.Marsh is creating a list of sample elements using a telephone directory.The list is called a(n)

A)universe.
B)population.
C)sampling frame.
D)target.

Question 8

Mr.Marsh uses a list of all baseball season ticket holders for his sampling elements.This is called his

A)universe.
B)sampling frame.
C)target.
D)None of the above

Question 9

If a researcher walks into a bus station and starts interviewing people at random for his research is most likely using

A)quota sampling.
B)judgmental sampling.
C)convenience sampling.
D)None of the above

Question 10

The case or unit of analysis in a population is

A)universe.
B)snowball.
C)sample frame.
D)sampling element.

Question 11

Which type of sampling is most applicable for capturing an existing network?

A)snowball sampling
B)quota sampling
C)purposive sampling
D)convenience sampling

Question 12

The larger the sample size

A)the larger the sampling error.
B)the smaller the sampling error.
C)the smaller the population size.
D)has no impact on research.

Question 13

Convenience sampling

A)is easy and fast but of limited use.
B)produces very representative samples.
C)should not be used for an exploratory study.
D)is one of the best sampling techniques.

Question 14

Dr.Mottle is using stratified sampling and has two frames.If she needs 11% from a frame of 200 and 89% from a frame of 1000,what is the total sample size?

A)1112
B)1002
C)1102
D)900

Question 15

Dr.Van Offer has a very large sample with very little diversity among cases,so his sampling error will be

A)very small.
B)very large.
C)will be the same as any other error.
D)will be bell-shaped.

Question 16

Mr.Marsh is using Systemic Sampling and his sample frame has 2000 names from a directory.If he is sampling 400,what is his sample interval?

A)6
B)3
C)5
D)4

Question 17

Random sampling

A)is most likely to produce a sample that truly represents the population.
B)is the same as quota sampling.
C)requires less work than nonrandom sampling.
D)is similar to black versus white.

Question 18

Accidental sampling occurs when a researcher selects cases that are easy and convenient.It lacks depth and is also called

A)convenience sampling.
B)snowball sampling.
C)quota sampling.
D)purposive sampling.

Question 19

In all random samples the researcher starts by

A)calling numbers.
B)obtaining a set of random numbers.
C)numbering each element in the frame.
D)replacing sample elements.

Question 20

A random sampling distribution curve is in the shape of

A)an exponential curve.
B)parabola.
C)bell shape curve.
D)H and D curve.

Question 21

Snowball sampling is the same as network sampling.

Question 22

The size of a sample is more important than its frame.

Question 23

Mr.Marsh is confused - a probability sample would allow him to do what?

A)to make valid inferences from the sample to the population
B)to research a small sample
C)to learn statistics
D)All of the above

Question 24

What are the three steps in quota sampling?

Question 25

Qualitative researchers rarely use random sampling because they often have different goals than to get a representative sample of a large population.

Question 26

Quota sampling is better than convenience sampling because with it a researcher ensures that major differences in the population also appear in the researcherȇs sample.

Question 27

The most representative samples do not use a random selection process.

Question 28

If a researcher wants to sample a very small target population,he might as well

A)not do any research.
B)include everyone.
C)include every third subject.
D)not include the first ten subjects.

Question 29

A typical confidence level is 95 percent meaning

A)that a researcher is 95 percent confident that the true population parameter falls within the range around what the researcher found in the sample.
B)chance of 5 percent error.
C)the research is wrong.
D)all the above

Question 30

Cluster sampling has advantages and is less expensive than simple random sampling,but is slightly less accurate.

Question 31

Define convenience sampling.

Question 32

In sampling a hidden population,a researcher would use what type of sampling?

A)convenience
B)snowball
C)quota
D)None of the above

Question 33

Random-digit dialing

A)means that the researcher uses different fingers when dialing numbers.
B)compounds the problems of telephone directories.
C)nets many disconnected or nonoperating numbers.
D)requires caller-ID.

Question 34

What are the limitations of quota sampling?

Question 35

Stratified sampling is the same as snowball sampling.

Question 36

Sampling error assumes random sampling and is influenced by sample size and the diversity of cases in the sample.

Question 37

What is the difference between haphazard and random in regard to sampling?

Question 38

Name four nonprobability sampling techniques.

Question 39

A proper sample allows researchers to study features of the population from which it came.

Question 40

Random sampling guarantees that every random sample a researcher picks perfectly represents the population.

Question 41

What is random-digit dialing?

Question 42

Probability samples are the same as___________.

Question 43

Any statistical characteristic of an entire population is a___________.

Question 44

______________________samples possible telephone numbers using computer-based random sampling.

Question 45

A statistical characteristic of an entire population estimated from a sample,is a___________.

Question 46

This type of population includes people who engage in concealed activities and is called
.

Question 47

What are two critical features of true random processes?

Question 48

The___________the homogeneity (or the less the diversity),the smaller its sampling error.

Question 49

A quasi-random sampling method when a computer is not available is___________.

Question 50

The crucial feature in snowball sampling is that each person or case has a___________with one another.

Question 51

______________________is a term meaning without being systematic; a carefree Ȉanything goesȈ selection method.

Question 52

A researcher may use___________sampling to sample a social network of people or linked organizations.

Question 53

This type of sampling is easy,cheap and fast,but its biggest problem is that it can produce very unrepresentative samples and lacks depth.___________is a nonsystematic selection method that often produces samples very unlike the population.

Question 54

Give an example of a hidden population.

Question 55

______________________is the ratio of the sample size to the size of the target population.

Question 56

A___________is a specific list of sampling elements in the target population.

Question 57

What is a sampling frame,and give an example?

Question 58

This type of sampling is a multistage method in which groups are randomly sampled and then a random sample of elements is taken from the sampled groups.This type of random sampling is called___________.

Question 59

What is a target population?

Question 60

______________________sampling is appropriate when a researcherȇs goal is other than getting representative sample of an entire population.The researcher uses many diverse means to select units that fit very specific characteristics.

Question 61

Compare and contrast convenience sampling with purposive sampling.

Question 62

List and describe four types of randomized sampling techniques.

Question 63

Differentiate the meanings of the terms universe,population and target population.

Question 64

Discuss confidence interval.What does it mean statistically?

Question 65

Dr.Van Offer has proposed a study of a population with Hepatitis C,a blood/liver disease that is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids (sexual contact,sharing needles,etc.).Since he does not have access to medical records because of confidentiality,how will he ȈfindȈ this population,i.e.what type of sampling techniques might he use? What is this kind of population called? Give two other examples of this type of population.