Deck 10: Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Question 1

Opiates such as morphine and heroin have a capacity to

A) alleviate pain.
B) improve memory.
C) enhance sensory awareness.
D) do all of these things.

Answer 1

alleviate pain.

Question 2

A type of amphetamine that can be snorted or injected intravenously is

A) crack.
B) crank.
C) ice.
D) ecstasy.

Answer 2

crank.

Question 3

Renee is experiencing distortions in her sensory and perceptual processes. Additionally, she is exhibiting paranoia, nausea, and "jumbled" thought processes. Renee is most likely under the influence of a

A) hallucinogen.
B) sedative.
C) narcotic.
D) stimulant.

Answer 3

hallucinogen.

Question 4

Sleep-inducing drugs are classified as

A) narcotics.
B) sedatives.
C) hallucinogens.
D) soporifics.

Question 5

Charles is taking a prescription drug to reduce the anxiety he has been feeling since he lost his job. He finds that when he takes the drug he experiences some short-term lethargy and impaired coordination. It is likely that Charles' physician has prescribed

A) a sedative.
B) a narcotic.
C) a stimulant.
D) a hallucinogen.

Question 6

Amanda has been feeling extremely tired for the past six months, even though she is getting lots of sleep. Her chronic tiredness has started to affect her job, and her boss has threatened to fire her if her job performance doesn't improve. Amanda sees her family doctor and asks if there is something that can be prescribed to help her feel more alert and give her more energy. If her doctor does prescribe a medication, it is MOST likely to be

A) a barbiturate.
B) a narcotic.
C) a hallucinogen.
D) an amphetamine.

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

A) alcohol
B) cocaine
C) nicotine
D) amphetamines

Question 8

Jackson broke his back when he fell off the roof. He was in a tremendous amount of pain while he was in the hospital. To help him deal with the pain while his back healed, Jackson's physician most likely prescribed

A) narcotics.
B) amphetamines.
C) opiate-based drugs.
D) hallucinogens.

Question 9

Robert has just taken a drug that has made him feel euphoric. He has probably taken

A) a narcotic.
B) a hallucinogen.
C) a sedative.
D) any one of these drugs.

Question 10

A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as

A) a hallucinogen.
B) a sedative.
C) a narcotic.
D) an amphetamine.

Question 11

Research has shown the long-term benefits of meditation to

A) include benefits for physical health such as control of blood pressure.
B) include benefits for mental health such as reducing anxiety.
C) include benefits for both physical and mental health.
D) be greatly exaggerated by advocates of meditation.

Question 12

Adam has just consumed a substance that provides him with increased alertness and energy, along with reduced fatigue. However, it also makes him more talkative, increases his blood pressure, reduces his appetite, and makes him restless. Adam has likely ingested

A) THC.
B) an amphetamine.
C) LSD.
D) a sedative.

Question 13

Meditation refers to a group of practices that are designed to

A) produce a heightened state of suggestibility.
B) heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control.
C) increase relaxation.
D) stimulate two separate simultaneous streams of consciousness.

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

A) cocaine
B) LSD
C) mescaline
D) psilocybin

Question 15

Psychoactive drugs are chemicals that alter one's

A) emotional state.
B) behavioral functioning.
C) mental condition.
D) emotional state, behavioral functioning, and mental condition.

Question 16

The most widely used recreational drug in the United States is

A) cocaine.
B) alcohol.
C) marijuana.
D) MDMA.

Question 17

Drugs such as morphine and heroin that are capable of relieving pain are know as

A) sedatives.
B) hallucinogens.
C) narcotics.
D) MDMA.

Question 18

Alicia is taking a prescription drug to help treat her narcolepsy. She finds that when she takes the drug she feels extremely restless and irritable, and she loses her appetite. It is likely that Alicia's physician has prescribed

A) a sedative.
B) a stimulant.
C) a narcotic.
D) a hallucinogen.

Question 19

Heather is taking a prescription drug to control her back pain. She finds that when she takes the drug she experiences some short-term drowsiness and nausea. It is likely that Heather's physician has prescribed

A) a stimulant.
B) a sedative.
C) a hallucinogen.
D) a narcotic.

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding physiological functioning is not consistent with a person who is in a meditative state?

A) reduced heart rate
B) reduced respiration rate
C) increased alpha and theta brain waves
D) increased muscular tension

Question 21

Bryan finds that, where he used to need only one, he now needs two or more sleeping pills to fall asleep. This development indicates that Bryan

A) is using sleeping pills as a recreational drug.
B) has developed a tolerance to sleeping pills.
C) has become physically addicted to sleeping pills.
D) has become psychologically addicted to sleeping pills

Question 22

Which of the following drugs is NOT a narcotic?

A) codeine
B) cocaine
C) morphine
D) heroin

Question 23

Christine has just taken a drug. She experiences a short-lived high that lasted a few hours and reports that she feels warm, friendly, sensual, and insightful. Additionally her blood pressure has increased and shows sweating, insomnia and transient anxiety. It is most likely that Christine has taken

A) MDMA.
B) morphine or heroin.
C) barbiturates or Quaaludes.
D) cocaine or amphetamines.

Question 24

A compound drug that is related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens is

A) ecstasy.
B) speed.
C) LSD.
D) cocaine.

Question 25

Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity are

A) opiates.
B) stimulants.
C) sedatives.
D) cannabis.

Question 26

Wyatt uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects he experiences are depression and poor mental functioning. It is most likely Wyatt is using

A) LSD.
B) marijuana.
C) alcohol.
D) cocaine.

Question 27

Madeline uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects she experiences are bloodshot eyes and poor short-term memory. It is most likely Madeline is using

A) marijuana.
B) LSD.
C) heroin.
D) cocaine.

Question 28

All of the following drugs are from the same category of recreational drugs except

A) mescaline.
B) marijuana.
C) psilocybin.
D) LSD.

Question 29

A progressive decrease in one's response to a drug with repeated and prolonged use is called

A) withdrawal.
B) habituation.
C) dependency.
D) tolerance.

Question 30

Haley has severe glaucoma and she finds that the symptoms of her glaucoma can be relieved by using a non-prescription drug. In addition to relieving the symptoms of glaucoma, the drug relaxes her and induces a mild feeling of euphoria. It is most likely that Haley is treating her glaucoma using

A) cocaine.
B) marijuana.
C) heroin.
D) mescaline.

Question 31

The most widely used recreational drug in our society is

A) ecstasy.
B) marijuana.
C) alcohol.
D) amphetamines.

Question 32

The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived is

A) opium.
B) poppy.
C) cannabis.
D) tobacco.

Question 33

Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, quarrelsomeness, and impaired mental and motor functioning.

A) narcotics
B) sedatives
C) cannabis
D) alcohol

Question 34

Hallucinogens are drugs that

A) are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain.
B) are derived from the hemp plant.
C) cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
D) tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

Question 35

Stimulants are drugs that

A) are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain.
B) contain ethyl alcohol.
C) cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
D) tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

Question 36

The idea of multifactorial causation in drug effects suggests that

A) taking several different drugs at the same time reduces their effects.
B) taking several different drugs at once increases their effectiveness.
C) the effects of a drug depend on the dosage and the user's personal makeup and experience.
D) each person will have the same physiological response to a drug, but there can be different psychological responses.

Question 37

If your roommate recently took a recreational drug and is very energetic, alert and has an "I can conquer the world" euphoria, he most likely took

A) a stimulant such as cocaine or amphetamine.
B) a stimulant such as caffeine or nicotine.
C) a sedative such as one of the barbiturates.
D) a cannabis such as marijuana or hashish.

Question 38

Christopher has just taken a drug. He finds that his perceptions are altered and he feels like his sensory awareness has increased. It is most likely that Christopher has taken

A) LSD or mescaline.
B) morphine or heroin.
C) barbiturates or Quaaludes.
D) cocaine or amphetamines.

Question 39

Narcotics are drugs that

A) are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain.
B) are derived from the hemp plant.
C) cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
D) tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

Question 40

Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning are referred to as

A) hallucinogens.
B) psychoactive drugs.
C) narcotics or opiates.
D) stimulants.

Question 41

Dr. Montgomery has developed a new drug that blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. It is likely that this drug will

A) function as a sedative.
B) have stimulant effects in the body.
C) produce hallucinogenic effects.
D) act as an effective pain killer.

Question 42

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs does NOT result in a rapid development a tolerance for the drug?

A) hallucinogens
B) sedatives
C) stimulants
D) narcotics

Question 43

A morphine addict experiences a state of euphoria after a dose of morphine, and a postsurgical patient experiences a reduction in pain after the same dosage. This difference in effect most clearly reflects the influence of ____ on drug effects.

A) personality
B) expectations
C) potency
D) age

Question 44

Dr. Bittner has developed a new drug that binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain. It is likely that this drug will

A) have stimulant effects in the body.
B) produce pleasurable rewarding effects.
C) function as a sedative.
D) act as an effective pain killer.

Question 45

All of the following factors influence the effect a psychoactive drug may have on an individual EXCEPT

A) the individual's expectations.
B) the setting in which the drug is taken.
C) the psychological dependency of the individual.
D) the mood and personality of the individual.

Question 46

A strong mental and emotional craving for a drug is termed

A) physical dependence.
B) tolerance.
C) psychological dependence.
D) withdrawal.

Question 47

Jasmine used to feel quite giddy and light-headed after drinking a single glass of wine. Now she finds she can drink three glasses of wine before she feels giddy. This suggests that Jasmine

A) has developed an alcohol dependency.
B) is experiencing the effects of alcohol withdrawal.
C) has become alcohol intolerant.
D) has developed a drug tolerance for alcohol.

Question 48

A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug as a result of continued use is called

A) physical dependence.
B) psychological dependence.
C) resistance.
D) tolerance.

Question 49

The effects of amphetamines appear to be associated with which of the following neurotransmitter systems?

A) serotonin and dopamine
B) serotonin and norepinephrine
C) norepinephrine and dopamine
D) GABA and norepinephrine

Question 50

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs results in a gradual development of a tolerance for the drug?

A) alcohol
B) sedatives
C) stimulants
D) narcotics

Question 51

Aaron has been taking a mild amphetamine for the past four months to help him cope with being a full-time student while holding down a full-time job. Now that his classes have ended he wants to stop taking the amphetamine, but each time he tries to skip the medication he starts sweating and he develops tremors. It appears that Aaron has

A) developed a drug tolerance for amphetamines.
B) become amphetamine intolerant.
C) developed a physical dependence for amphetamines.
D) habituated to the effects of amphetamines.

Question 52

When a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness they are demonstrating

A) psychological tolerance.
B) physical dependence.
C) psychological dependence.
D) physical tolerance.

Question 53

Among the following, which drug tends to produce tolerance most SLOWLY?

A) narcotics
B) stimulants
C) sedatives
D) alcohol

Question 54

John needs to continue to take doses of morphine to avoid withdrawal illness symptoms. John is demonstrating

A) physical dependence.
B) psychological tolerance.
C) physical tolerance.
D) psychological dependence.

Question 55

Seymour used to get quite a "buzz" from his first cup of coffee in the morning. Now he finds that he doesn't start to feel alert until his third cup. This suggests that Seymour

A) has developed a caffeine dependency.
B) has developed a drug tolerance for caffeine.
C) is experiencing the effects of caffeine withdrawal.
D) has become caffeine intolerant.

Question 56

Judy feels that she needs her can of Diet Coke every morning to wake her up and satisfy her cravings. She doubts that she could ever give up drinking Diet Coke. Judy is demonstrating

A) physical dependence.
B) psychological tolerance.
C) physical tolerance.
D) psychological dependence.

Question 57

When a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense cravings for the drug they are demonstrating

A) psychological tolerance.
B) physical dependence.
C) psychological dependence.
D) physical tolerance.

Question 58

Which of the following drugs carries the GREATEST risk for physical and/or psychological dependence?

A) LSD
B) cocaine
C) alcohol
D) heroin

Question 59

Hannah used to experience insomnia once or twice a week. A month ago she starting taking Seconal to help her sleep, but now she finds she cannot get to sleep unless she takes a Seconal tablet. This would suggest that Hannah has

A) developed a drug tolerance for Seconal.
B) developed a dependency on Seconal.
C) habituated to the effects of Seconal.
D) developed pseudoinsomnia.

Question 60

For which of the following drugs does the tolerance level develop the most RAPIDLY?

A) cannabis
B) sedatives
C) alcohol
D) hallucinogens

Question 61

The combined effect of certain drugs can be much greater than the sum of the effects of each one alone. Such an effect is said to be

A) additive.
B) polymorphous.
C) multiplicative.
D) synergistic.

Question 62

Recently researchers have found receptors in the brain for

A) amphetamines.
B) MDMA (ecstasy).
C) sedatives.
D) THC (marijuana).

Question 63

Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose?

A) LSD
B) heroin
C) cocaine
D) morphine

Question 64

Rachel has been using a non-prescription drug on a regular basis for several years. She has now developed liver disease and ulcers, and she has been in three car accidents. It is most likely that Rachel is a chronic user of

A) LSD.
B) marijuana.
C) sedatives.
D) alcohol.

Question 65

Which of the following is not an example of a direct effect health-related risk associated with recreational drugs?

A) marijuana can increase the risk of respiratory disease
B) sedatives and alcohol can increase the risk of automobile accidents
C) cocaine can increase the risk of heart attacks
D) alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage

Question 66

Most psychoactive drugs work primarily by altering

A) the functioning of the endocrine system.
B) the functioning of sensory receptor cells.
C) neurotransmitter activity in the brain.
D) neurotransmitter activity in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 67

Dr. Dow has developed a new drug that works as a stimulant. It is likely that this drug will

A) increase release of dopamine and norepinephrine.
B) decrease release of dopamine and norepinephrine.
C) block the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.
D) enhance the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.

Question 68

Ralph has been using a drug on a regular basis for several years. He has now developed damaged nasal membranes, a host of respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease. It is most likely that Ralph is a chronic user of

A) cocaine.
B) marijuana.
C) sedatives.
D) alcohol.

Question 69

A synergistic effect is one in which

A) a drug suppresses the action of a neuromodulator.
B) the combined effects of two drugs are more than what would be predicted by the simple addition of the effects in isolation.
C) a person addicted to one drug is more susceptible to be addicted to a similar drug.
D) a drug affects the myelin sheath of a neuron and "short-circuits" its insulation properties.

Question 70

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the LEAST risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

A) hallucinogens
B) stimulants
C) sedatives
D) alcohol

Question 71

The ____ neural pathway has been characterized as a "reward pathway" that is believed to be responsible for the reinforcing effects of most abused drugs.

A) cortical
B) medulla-pons
C) mesolimbic dopamine
D) hypothalamus dopamine

Question 72

Which of the following drugs would MOST likely result in a fatal overdose?

A) LSD
B) mescaline
C) marijuana
D) morphine

Question 73

Which category of psychoactive drug is best characterized as having a moderate risk for physical dependence associated with a high risk for psychological dependence?

A) cannabis
B) stimulants
C) hallucinogens
D) narcotics

Question 74

Symptoms such as fever, chills, tremors, convulsions, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea are associated with

A) consuming psychoactive drugs.
B) tolerance.
C) psychological dependence.
D) physical dependence.

Question 75

Amphetamines appear to exert their main effects by altering the release and reuptake of

A) serotonin and acetylcholine.
B) dopamine and norepinephrine.
C) endorphins.
D) GABA.

Question 76

Psychoactive drugs that are associated with a low risk of a lethal overdose include all of the following EXCEPT

A) marijuana.
B) hallucinogens.
C) sedatives.
D) cannabis.

Question 77

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the greatest risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

A) narcotics and sedatives
B) stimulants and hallucinogens
C) sedatives and alcohol
D) cannabis and alcohol

Question 78

Categories of psychoactive drugs that are associated with a high risk of a lethal overdose include all of the following EXCEPT

A) alcohol.
B) sedatives.
C) hallucinogens.
D) narcotics.

Question 79

When a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving it is termed

A) tolerance.
B) physical dependence.
C) psychological dependence.
D) codependence.

Question 80

When a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness it is termed

A) tolerance.
B) psychological dependence.
C) physical dependence.
D) codependence.