Deck 18: Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Question 1

The Featured Study concerning racial stereotypes and test performance found that when students believed a test analyzed problem-solving strategies, the performance of African American students was

A) similar to the performance of white students.
B) significantly lower than the performance of white students.
C) significantly higher than the performance of white students.
D) significantly lower than the performance of female students.

Answer 1

similar to the performance of white students.

Question 2

A measure that assesses how long it takes participants to make simple perceptual discriminations that meet a certain degree of accuracy is known as

A) stereotype vulnerability.
B) reaction range.
C) reaction time.
D) inspection time.

Answer 2

inspection time.

Question 3

The concept of stereotype vulnerability suggests that when taking a standardized intelligence test, members of stigmatized groups ____ than members of nonstigmatized groups.

A) are less motivated
B) are more motivated
C) experience less anxiety
D) experience more anxiety

Answer 3

experience more anxiety

Question 4

The biological index of intelligence that examines ____ shows a higher correlation with intelligence than does the biological index that examines ____.

A) verbal speed; performance speed
B) performance speed; verbal speed
C) inspection times; reaction times
D) reaction times; inspection times

Question 5

Which of the following statements corresponds most closely to the position on ethnic differences in average IQ scores presented by Herrnstein and Murray in their book The Bell Curve?

A) Ethnic differences in average IQ differences are a function of relative nutritional levels for different ethnic groups, particularly the amount of protein in one's diet.
B) Ethnic differences in average IQ scores are substantial and are partly genetic in origin.
C) Ethnic differences in average IQ differences reflect the inherent bias in IQ tests toward different ethnic groups.
D) Herrnstein & Murray are interactionists and would partially endorse all of these statements.

Question 6

Which child would be most likely to have the highest upper limit of his or her reaction range for intelligence?

A) a middle-class white child with an IQ of 100
B) a middle-class minority child with an IQ of 105
C) a lower-class minority child with an IQ of 95
D) not enough information is provided to make an "educated" prediction

Question 7

Many researchers suggest that since many of the larger minority groups in the United States (such as African American, Native American, Hispanic) are over-represented in the lower class, ethnic differences in IQ should be considered to be the result of

A) social class differences in experience.
B) genetic differences between ethnic groups.
C) both social class and genetic differences.
D) governmental policies and regulations.

Question 8

Fagan and Holland (2007) have collected data which suggests the IQ gap between whites and African Americans is due to:

A) ability
B) genetics
C) exposure to information
D) incorrect scoring of tests

Question 9

Which of the following appears to be the MOST responsible for ethnic differences in IQ?

A) genetic differences between ethnic groups
B) culturally biased tests
C) poor rapport between a nonminority test giver and a minority test taker
D) the cultural disadvantages associated with a lower-class upbringing

Question 10

The Featured Study concerning racial stereotypes and test performance found that when students believed a test measured general verbal ability, the performance of African American students was

A) similar to the performance of white students.
B) significantly lower than the performance of white students.
C) significantly higher than the performance of white students.
D) significantly higher than the performance of female students.

Question 11

Which of the following statements BEST reflects your textbook's conclusion regarding research on the effects of stereotype vulnerability on test performance?

A) Stereotype vulnerability has no discernible effect on test performance.
B) Stereotype vulnerability has a greater effect on test performance that does socioeconomic disadvantage.
C) Stereotype vulnerability clearly results in lower test performance for white students.
D) More evidence is clearly needed on the effects of stereotype vulnerability.

Question 12

The results of the Featured Study on racial stereotypes and test performance suggest that

A) stereotype vulnerability appears to impair minority group members' test performance.
B) members of minority groups tend to perform lower on tests in all circumstances.
C) both black and white subjects are susceptible to the effects of stereotype vulnerability.
D) the effects of stereotype vulnerability are greatest for white students in all situations.

Question 13

Which of the following explanations of ethnic differences in IQ scores suggests that a person's beliefs that others will attribute his or her possible failure to racial inferiority will lead to performance anxiety and lower IQ scores?

A) reaction range
B) stereotype vulnerability
C) self-monitoring hypothesis
D) ethnic standardization

Question 14

The correlation between social class and intelligence is

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) inverse.
D) zero.

Question 15

Which of the following researchers proposed the notion of stereotype vulnerability to explain ethnic differences in IQ scores?

A) Sandra Scarr
B) Arthur Jensen
C) Claude Steele
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 16

The correlation between reaction times and IQ scores is

A) very high (greater than 0.90).
B) moderate (between 0.50 and 0.60).
C) modest (between 0.20 and 0.30).
D) very weak (less than 0.10).

Question 17

Critics argue that heritability explanations for ethnic differences in IQ have a variety of flaws and weakness; these weaknesses do NOT include

A) between-groups comparisons are more likely to be the result of environmental influences.
B) within-groups comparisons are more likely to be the result of environmental influences.
C) the concept of race is more of a social concept then a biological one.
D) the differences in IQ scores for ethnic groups is more likely to be attributed to socioeconomic differences.

Question 18

Studies that correlate the amount of inspection time necessary to make an accurate perceptual judgment with IQ scores show correlations of approximately

A) +.20.
B) -.30.
C) +.40.
D) +.80.

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding differences in IQ is NOT supported by research findings?

A) Group differences in average IQ can be influenced by environmental factors, even if the heritability of intelligence is high.
B) The average difference in IQ between minority groups and whites is largely a function of genetic factors.
C) Children from the lowest social classes score about 15 points lower on IQ tests than do children from the highest social classes.
D) The average IQ for many of the larger minority groups in the United States is about 10 to 15 points lower than it is for whites.

Question 20

According to Leon Kamin ____ differences in IQ scores are most likely to be heritable and ____ differences are most likely to be the result of environmental factors.

A) between-groups; within-groups
B) within-group; between-groups
C) between groups; social class
D) social class; within-groups

Question 21

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, someone who is high in practical intelligence should

A) perform well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning skills.
B) cope well with new or novel tasks.
C) show deficits in the other two areas of cognitive function.
D) be able to solve problems that are unique to the existing cultural surroundings.

Question 22

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, someone who is efficient at processing information and who performs well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning and logical-mathematical abilities, should score high in

A) creative intelligence.
B) practical intelligence.
C) all three areas of intelligence.
D) analytic intelligence.

Question 23

The triarchic theory of human intelligence was developed by

A) Arthur Jenson.
B) Robert Sternberg.
C) Alfred Binet.
D) Howard Gardner.

Question 24

Which subtheory of intelligence, as proposed by Sternberg, is associated with dealing effectively with novelty and how one performs familiar tasks automatically and effortlessly?

A) the contextual subtheory
B) the operational subtheory
C) the experiential subtheory
D) the generative subtheory

Question 25

The perspective on the investigation of intelligence that emphasizes measuring the amount of intelligence people have and figuring out why some people have more than others is the

A) testing perspective.
B) cognitive perspective.
C) behavioral perspective.
D) psychoanalytic perspective.

Question 26

Glenys dropped out of high school 40 years ago, found a job, and worked her way up in the company. She has been in her present position for over twenty years, and everyone in the company agrees that she is the one with the most "street smarts" about how to deal effectively with both customers and suppliers. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Glenys shows high

A) analytical intelligence.
B) creative intelligence.
C) practical intelligence.
D) analytical, practical, and creative intelligence.

Question 27

Ira has never done well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning and logical-mathematical abilities, but when new and complex situations arise at his job, he is always the one who seems to come up with novel and effective solutions for the problems. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Ira shows

A) high analytical intelligence, but lower creative intelligence.
B) high creative intelligence, but lower analytical intelligence.
C) high practical intelligence, but lower creative intelligence.
D) high creative intelligence, but lower practical intelligence.

Question 28

Historically, the investigation of intelligence has been approached primarily from a

A) testing perspective.
B) cognitive perspective.
C) biological perspective.
D) evolutionary perspective.

Question 29

Research into the biological correlates of intelligences have examined all of the following EXCEPT

A) brain volume.
B) life longevity.
C) reaction range.
D) inspection time.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the parts of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) contextual subtheory
B) general mental ability subtheory
C) experiential subtheory
D) componential subtheory

Question 31

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, someone who is able to cope well with new or novel tasks, should score high in

A) analytic intelligence.
B) creative intelligence.
C) practical intelligence.
D) all three areas of intelligence.

Question 32

The correlations between inspection time and IQ scores are

A) virtually nonexistent
B) very weak and negative
C) fairly strong, but probably not of practical significance
D) high enough to have practical value

Question 33

Which subtheory of intelligence, as proposed by Sternberg, is associated with intelligence being a culturally defined concept?

A) the contextual subtheory
B) the geographic subtheory
C) the apocalyptic subtheory
D) the anachronistic subtheory

Question 34

The average correlation between IQ score and brain volume is approximately

A) zero.
B) +.10.
C) +.35.
D) +.50.

Question 35

Cheryl has always performed well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning and logical-mathematical abilities, but she doesn't seem to be able to use her skills to solve common everyday problems. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Cheryl shows

A) high analytical intelligence, but lower creative intelligence.
B) high analytical intelligence, but lower practical intelligence.
C) high practical intelligence, but lower creative intelligence.
D) high practical intelligence, but lower analytical intelligence.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the three subtheories of the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) procedural subtheory
B) experiential subtheory
C) componential subtheory
D) contextual subtheory

Question 37

According to Robert Sternberg, intelligence can be divided into three major parts. These three components of intelligence are

A) verbal fluency, numerical ability, and memory.
B) analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence.
C) crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence, and transient intelligence.
D) artistic intelligence, performance intelligence, and rational intelligence.

Question 38

The perspective on the investigation of intelligence that focuses on the process of intelligence rather than the amount of intelligence people possess is the

A) testing perspective.
B) cognitive perspective.
C) behavioral perspective.
D) psychoanalytic perspective.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT one of the subtheories of the triarchic theory of intelligence proposed by Sternberg?

A) contextual
B) generative
C) componential
D) experiential

Question 40

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, someone who is high in analytic intelligence should

A) cope well with new or novel tasks.
B) be able to solve problems that are unique to the existing cultural surroundings.
C) perform well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning skills.
D) show deficits in the other two areas of cognitive function.

Question 41

Jeremy is very sensitive to sounds, rhythms, the meaning of words, and the different functions of language. According to Gardner, Jeremy has a high level of

A) linguistic intelligence.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) musical intelligence.
D) crystallized intelligence.

Question 42

The ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion is referred to as

A) practical intelligence.
B) emotional intelligence.
C) interpersonal intelligence.
D) intrapersonal intelligence.

Question 43

Leticia is a prima ballerina with a New York ballet company. According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Leticia is likely to score high in which of the following?

A) interpersonal intelligence
B) spatial intelligence
C) experiential intelligence
D) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

Question 44

Sternberg's research on intelligence suggests all of the following except

A) the three separate aspects of intelligence can each be reliably measured
B) the three separate aspects of intelligence are relatively independent
C) practical intelligence is superior to both analytical and creative intelligence
D) assessing the three separate aspects of intelligence could improve the prediction of intelligent behavior in the real world

Question 45

Reba has an uncanny ability to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people. According to Gardner, Reba has a high level of

A) socioemotional intelligence.
B) interpersonal intelligence.
C) linguistic intelligence.
D) parapsychotic intelligence.

Question 46

Gardner's view of intelligence suggests that a highly successful car salesperson would be MOST likely to have high

A) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
B) linguistic intelligence
C) interpersonal intelligence
D) intrapersonal intelligence

Question 47

Which psychologist concluded that humans exhibit eight largely independent types of intelligence?

A) Alfred Binet
B) Howard Gardner
C) Arthur Jenson
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 48

The subtheory of the triarchic theory of intelligence that describes the types of mental processes that intelligent thought depends on is the

A) experiential subtheory.
B) practical subtheory.
C) componential subtheory.
D) contextual subtheory.

Question 49

Howard Gardner has tried to expand our thinking on intelligence, contending that traditional IQ tests are too narrowly focused on verbal and mathematical skills. In addition to these, his list of human intelligence includes

A) spatial skills.
B) musical skills.
C) interpersonal skills.
D) spatial, musical, and interpersonal skills.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight types of intelligence proposed by Gardner?

A) linguistic
B) interpersonal
C) spatial
D) emotional

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight types of intelligence described by Gardner?

A) mechanical
B) spatial
C) logical-mathematical
D) musical

Question 52

Sternberg believes that ____ is the aspect of intelligence that is assessed by conventional IQ tests and is crucial for most types of academic work.

A) experiential
B) practical
C) creative
D) analytical

Question 53

Alex is very skilled at dealing effectively with the problems he encounters in everyday life. Sternberg would be most likely to predict that Alex has high

A) practical intelligence.
B) analytical intelligence.
C) creative intelligence.
D) practical, analytical, and creative intelligence.

Question 54

Some critics argue that ____ use of the term "intelligence" is so broad, encompassing virtually any valued human ability, it makes the term almost meaningless.

A) David Wechsler's
B) Alfred Binet's
C) Robert Sternberg's
D) Howard Gardner's

Question 55

Counselor Troi is from the planet Beta-Z. Betazoids are empaths who have the ability to easily infer other people's moods, temperaments, emotions, and intentions. According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Counselor Troi should score high in

A) interpersonal intelligence.
B) intrapersonal intelligence.
C) spatial intelligence.
D) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.

Question 56

Roland is an architect who can design dream homes based on vague ideas and images that his clients bring to him. According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Roland is likely to score high in which of the following?

A) intrapersonal intelligence
B) interpersonal intelligence
C) spatial intelligence
D) logical-mathematical intelligence

Question 57

Davis is a gifted violinist who has been playing the violin since he was two. He started writing his own music when he was four. However, Davis has a difficult time expressing himself with words, and he struggles with all his written assignments for his classes at school. The theory of intelligence that could best be used to account for Davis' different levels of performance in these areas is

A) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
B) Spearman's g-factor theory.
C) Sternberg's triarchic theory.
D) Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities.

Question 58

According to Howard Gardner, IQ tests have generally emphasized which of the following?

A) spatial and linguistic skills
B) verbal and mathematical skills
C) analytical and practical skills
D) academic and interpersonal skills

Question 59

The experiential subtheory of the triarchic theory of intelligence

A) describes the types of mental processes that intelligent thought depends on.
B) proposes eight largely independent intelligences.
C) describes the ability to deal effectively with novel tasks and handle familiar tasks automatically.
D) proposes that intelligence is a culturally defined concept.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT one of the four essential components of emotional intelligence?

A) the ability to accurately perceive emotions in themselves and others
B) the ability to regulate or control emotions in themselves and others
C) the ability to understand and analyze their emotions
D) the ability to be aware of how their emotions shape their thinking

Question 61

The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines

A) insight.
B) creativity.
C) reasoning.
D) intelligence.

Question 62

Which of the following statements regarding the creative process is MOST accurate?

A) Creativity generally emerges out of normal problem-solving efforts.
B) Most creative breakthroughs depend on unconscious thought processes.
C) Creativity cannot be learned; you either have it or you don't.
D) Creativity usually involves sudden flashes of insight and great leaps of imagination.

Question 63

Creativity tests are ____ in predicting the creative achievements of people in the real world since creativity tests tend to measure creativity as a ____.

A) very accurate; general trait
B) very accurate; specific trait
C) not very accurate; general trait
D) not very accurate; specific trait

Question 64

The observed ethnic differences in average intelligence within Western societies best illustrate the importance of which of the following factors?

A) genetic
B) cultural
C) cognitive
D) evolutionary

Question 65

The fact that pervasive psychological testing is largely a phenomenon of Western societies reflects which of the following themes of your textbook?

A) Psychology is empirical.
B) Psychology is theoretically diverse.
C) Psychology evolves in a sociocultural context.
D) Behavior is determined by multiple causes.

Question 66

In solving a problem using divergent thinking, a person

A) tries to generate many possible answers or solutions.
B) tries to narrow down a list of alternatives to a single correct answer or solution.
C) systematically eliminates incorrect answers or solutions.
D) Both b and c are correct.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT one of the essential components of emotional intelligence?

A) accurate perception of emotions
B) open expression of all emotions
C) awareness of the impact of emotions on decision-making
D) effective regulation of emotions

Question 68

Which of the following statements concerning creativity is NOT accurate?

A) a creative individual usually excels in a single area or field
B) creative ideas must be both novel and useful
C) divergent thinking contributes to creativity
D) creativity usually occurs in a burst of insight

Question 69

Creativity involves the generation of ideas that are

A) original.
B) novel.
C) useful.
D) original, novel, and useful.

Question 70

Everyone likes to have Lydia working on their committees because she seems to have the unique ability to consider a variety of options and quickly narrow the list of options down to the one or two best alternatives. In other words, Lydia is skilled in

A) divergent thinking.
B) transformational logic.
C) convergent thinking.
D) field dependence.

Question 71

Based on existing research, with regard to emotional intelligence it is probably safe to say that:

A) more research is needed to determine if the topic is useful
B) the existing research base shows that the concept is just a fad
C) it is generally accepted as useful and important in business management
D) it is more useful than the standard concept of intelligence

Question 72

The fact that Arthur Jensen became the target of savage criticism and was attacked as a racist after the publication of this controversial article in 1969 illustrates which of the themes of your textbook?

A) Psychology is empirical.
B) Psychology is theoretically diverse.
C) Psychology evolves in a sociocultural context.
D) Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.

Question 73

In the first half of the 20th century, a strong current of racial and class prejudice supported the idea that IQ tests measured innate ability and that "undesirable" groups scored poorly because of their genetic inferiority. This development best reflects which of the following themes of your textbook?

A) Psychology is empirical.
B) Psychology is theoretically diverse.
C) Psychology evolves in a sociocultural context.
D) Behavior is determined by multiple causes.

Question 74

The text's discussion of ethnic differences in average IQ BEST reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

A) behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.
B) psychology is theoretically diverse.
C) people's experience of the world is highly subjective.
D) heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.

Question 75

In convergent thinking, one attempts to

A) utilize a hypothetic-deductive reasoning strategy to solve a problem.
B) work from the very specific to the very general in solving a problem.
C) narrow down a list of alternatives to solve a problem.
D) involve a relevant schema in order to solve a problem.

Question 76

The question "How many uses can you think of for a paper clip?" would be MOST likely found on

A) a problem-solving test.
B) a creativity test.
C) an intelligence test.
D) a reasoning test.

Question 77

Which type of intelligence consists of the ability to perceive and express feelings, assimilate feelings in thought, understand and reason with feelings and regulate feelings?

A) linguistic
B) interpersonal
C) spatial
D) emotional

Question 78

Your group has been considering various ideas for a group project for the past three weeks. You currently have 16 different ideas, but you're required to hand in your final topic selection in class tomorrow morning. This task will be easiest to complete if most of your group members are skilled in which of the following?

A) divergent thinking
B) convergent thinking
C) transformational logic
D) field dependence

Question 79

Research by psychologists examining cultural differences in IQ, and the suggested causes of these differences has, at times, been controversial largely because of the political, social, and educational implications of the research. This statement best reflects which unifying theme in psychology?

A) behavior is determined by multiple causes
B) psychology is theoretically diverse
C) psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context
D) heredity and environment jointly influence behavior

Question 80

The results of twin studies and adoption studies best illustrate the unifying theme in psychology that

A) people's experience of the world is highly subjective.
B) heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
C) psychology is theoretically diverse.
D) psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.